Year 10 EOY History 2023

Protectionism

Separating Aboriginals on reserves to keep them separate from white communities

Assimilation

Forcing Aboriginals to become 'similar' to white people

Integration

Allowing Aboriginals to be part of their culture while adapting to white ways

Self-determination

Aboriginals controlling their own destiny and having a say in government policies

United Nations

International organization influencing human rights after World War II

Dr Herbert Vere Evatt

Australian involved in setting up the United Nations

Early Aboriginal activism

Referring to European settlements as Invasion Day and Day of Mourning

Stolen Generations

Children taken by force, leading to loss of kinship and higher rates of alcoholism and depression

A.O Neville

Chief Protector of Aboriginals in WA, involved in placing children in homes

1965 Freedom Ride

Raising awareness of discrimination against Aboriginals in rural towns

Charles Perkins

Organizer of the 1965 Freedom Ride and national role model

1967 Referendum

Including Aboriginal people in the census and allowing the government to make laws for them

Mabo case

First case where Aboriginals won land rights, overturning the concept of terra nullius

Native Title

Recognition of Indigenous peoples' rights to land before 1788

Tent Embassy

Set up to publicize Aboriginal issues, particularly land rights

Racial Discrimination Act

Legislation in response to Aboriginal activists, protecting against racial discrimination

Burnam Burnam

Symbolically claiming land for Aboriginal people in England

Bringing them home

Report on Aboriginal rights by the Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission

Civil Rights Movement

Fight for freedom and equality for African Americans in the United States

Jim Crow laws

Laws that African Americans fought against in the Civil Rights Movement

Raising Awareness

Using marches, boycotts, and court cases to bring attention to the Civil Rights Movement

Rosa Parks

Spark of the Civil Rights Movement by refusing to give up her bus seat

Freedom Rides

Bringing international media attention to the fight for African Americans

Martin Luther King Jr

Leader of the Civil Rights Movement, organized the March on Washington

KKK

White supremacist group opposing civil rights for African Americans

Non-violence

Approach of the Civil Rights Movement against using violence

Key Events in Relation to the Cold War

Superpowers after WWII were the 1950 USA & USSR. In 1949 China had a civil war that ended in a communist party victory. Korean War - 1950-53. ANZUS Treaty - was signed in 1951. SEATO Alliance - was signed in 1954. Went to Vietnam - in 1962

Cuban Missile Crisis

They were not concerned about the Cuban Missile Crisis as it did not relate to Australia.

Political parties in Australia in the Vietnam War

Robert Menzies was in charge of the Liberal Party and Herbert Evatt was in charge of the Labor Party. Referendum to ban the Communist Party - It was rejected by a narrow majority because people thought it was unconstitutional to outlaw peoples beliefs.

The Petrov Affair

A russian named Vladmir Petrov wanted political asylum in Australia. A result of him claiming that there was a communist spy ring in Australia was a Royal Commission on Espionage.

Why was Australia involved in the Vietnam War?

Vietnam was divided on the 17th parallel between the North and the South. There was a fear of communism taking over the world.

Which political party in power when troops went to Vietnam

Liberal at the time and Labor ended it. Lyndan Baines Johnson (President of the USA) came to visit Australia during the Vietnam War.

Australia's major battle while in Vietnam

The Battle of Long Tan in August 1966.

Australia's final withdrawal from the Vietnam war

1972 troops started to be withdrawn following the US troops out

Reasons for differing views of Vietnam War

People were really against conscription

Moratorium movement and SOS (Save Our Sons)

Moratorium marches (in 1970) were anti-war protest marches and SOS (Save Our Sons) was an organisation run by mothers who were against conscription.

The impact of the Vietnam War on Vietnam veterans and families

They were generally angrier at life than other Australians and had higher rates of depression and alcoholism. They were not treated fairly by the government on their return and many had PTSD and had medical issues from the war. It was expected that they would return to 'normal' life. The Vietnam Veterans Welcome Home parade was not until 1987.

Changing technology in the 1960's

the impact of the main technological changes over time

Housing in the 1960's

It has become less conventional overtime and added architectural features due to immigration.

Home appliances in the 1960's

There are more of them for every possible situation in the household as technology has advanced

Entertainment in the 1960's

Homicide was a famous Australian TV show; Bob Dylan's Music was folk and about social change.

Main social and cultural features of the 1960's

a baby boom took place after WWII as the depression was over. The war and immigration also played a role. The hippie movement rejected the conservative life of older generations.

Main influences of Britain and USA on pop culture (music and fashion) in the 1960's

Jean Shrimpton was a british supermodel who wore a short dress to the Melbourne Cup; the beehive hairstyle became popular; The Beatles last album was called 'Abbey Road'; the Rolling Stones were the kinds of men that women would not take home; Mary Quant made very expensive clothes; australia had many American TV shows

The impact of the 1960s in shaping Australian identity

The Seekers were an Australian folk group who made it big in the UK and USA; The Beatles came to Australia in 1964; KFC came to Australia first as a fast food chain and impacted the way Australians thought about food when we were a nation of spectators.

Sport in the 1960's

Margret Court and Rod Laver were famous Australian tennis stars; sport became popular as techniques for broadcasting outside improved and TV's became more affordable. Australia had successful sportspeople that people wanted to watch compete.

Stolen Generation: Why it happened and the impact on people involved

The Aboriginal children (Especially Halfcasts) got ‘stolen’ from their families and were moved to live in missions, put up for adoption, or moved to foster homes. The Australian Government wanted them to assimilate into white society, and to eventually ‘breed out’ the Aboriginals. Over 100 000 children were separated from their families, and they lost all connection with land and kinship. The Government created policies that made this legal. These children were more likely to have poorer health, education, less opportunities and more likely to be arrested. 

US Civil Rights Affecting Australia

Australia's indigenous people have found much to support them in the US civil rights movement, Australia couldn't ignore the attention this movement gained internationally. It brought to the attention of other Australia that people were discriminated against based on the colour of their skin. It makes Australians aware of discrimination in their own country.  They observed the violence and frustration from right not being addressed. Australia activists liked the non-violent approach and it challenges them to make a difference in Australia for non-white people. This took effect from the mid 1960s.