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What is the primary function of a bacterial cell wall?
The bacterial cell wall provides mechanical support, protection, and shape to the cell.
What is peptidoglycan composed of?
Peptidoglycan is composed of N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM) linked with peptide chains.
What shape are cocci bacteria?
Cocci bacteria are spherical in shape.
What are the characteristics of bacilli bacteria?
Bacilli bacteria are rod-shaped and can have rounded, square, or tapered ends.
How do bacteria reproduce?
Bacteria reproduce asexually through binary fission.
What are flagella and their function in bacteria?
Flagella are helical appendages that assist in bacterial motility.
Differentiate between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer and stain purple, while Gram-negative bacteria have a thinner peptidoglycan layer covered by an outer membrane and stain pink or red.
What are the two types of bacterial spores and their significance?
Endospores are metabolically dormant and highly resistant; cysts are also dormant forms that can germinate under favorable conditions.
What is the purpose of pili in bacteria?
Pili are involved in attachment to surfaces and can facilitate genetic material exchange.
What is the structure and purpose of the cytoplasmic membrane in bacterial cells?
The cytoplasmic membrane is semi-permeable, composed of phospholipids and proteins, and regulates the transport of materials in and out of the cell.
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