BU AMACE

Air gap

The unobstructed vertical distance through the free atmosphere between the lowest opening from any pipe or faucet supplying water to a tank, plumbing fixture or other device and the flood level rim of the receptacle.

Air break

The physical separation between a waste pipe and an indirect waste receptor or device is indirectly connected.

Branch

any part of the piping system other than a main, riser or stack

Backflow

the reverse flow of contaminants through a cross-connection into a drinkable water supply

Developed Length

The length along the center line 0f pipes and fittings.

downspout

the vertical portion of a rainwater conductor.

Globe Valve

A valve in which the flow of water is cut off by means of a circular disk that fits against the valve seal. The plane of movement of the disk is parallel t0 the n0rrnal direction of the flow of water, which is turned through a tortuous passage to direct the flow normal to the face of the disk.

Gooseneck

"A kind of return bend of small-sized faucet, one end of which is about one foot long and the other end is about three inches. It is commonly used as a faucet for pantry sinks and drinking fountains. Also the lead connection between the service pipe and the water main.

Half bath

bathroom containing a water closet and a lavatory.

full bath

A bathroom containing a water closet, a lavatory, and a bathtub.

riser

A water supply pipe that extends vertically one story or more to carry water to fixtures.

roughing-in

"The installation of parts of the plumbing system which can be completed prior to installation of fixtures or finishing. This includes drainage, water supply, and vent piping, and necessary fixture supports."

privy

An outhouse or structure used for the deposition of excrement

public sewer

a common sewer directly controlled by public authority to which all abutters have equal rights of connections.

Siphonage

A suction created by the flow of liquids in the pipes. A pressure less than atmospheric pressure

sump

A tank or pit that receives sewage or liquid waste,

located below the normal grade of the gravity system and that must be emptied by mechanical means

Water Distributing Pipe

"A pipe which conveys potable water from the building supply pipe to the plumbing fixtures and other outlets."

trap

A fitting or device that provides a liquid seal to prevent the emission of sewer gases without materially affecting the flow of sewage or wastewater through the trap.

surface tension

the ability of the surface of a liquid to resist an external force

Capillarity

the ability of water to climb up a surface against the pull of gravity

hard water

Water that has certain dissolved ions in it - predominately calcium and magnesium ions

purified water

Water which UNDERGOES TREATMENT either physical, biological or chemical means to improve quality.

contaminated water

Water with any material or substance that affects its quality and an individual's health

polluted water

water WITH PRESENCE OF FOREIGN SUBSTANCE (organic, inorganic, radiological, biological) which tends to degrade its quality.

soft water

Water WITHOUT THE PRESENCE of calcium and magnesium.

grey water

waste water generated from processes such as washing dishes, bathing and laundry

black water

Water that contains animal, human or food waste and would not be reused for other purposes

turbidity

Caused by the presence 0f suspended materials, such as clay, silt, other inorganic material, planktons or finely divided organic materials

color

This is often caused by dissolved organic matter, as from decaying vegetation.

taste and odor

It can be caused by organic compounds, inorganic salts, or dissolved gases. This condition can be treated only after a chemical analysis has identified which source is responsible.

acidic

Water with pH value of less than 7 is said to be

Sedimentation

this process removes some suspended matter from water simply by allowing time and the inactivity of water to do the work of settling out heavier suspended particles.

Coagulation

This process also removes suspended matter, along with some coloration. A chemical such as alum (hydrated aluminum sulfate) is added to turbulent water.

Aeration

water treatment done by exposing it to air by sprays such as that of a fountain, cascades, etc.

Disinfection

A system of water treatment done using chemical disinfectants such as chlorine, chloramines, iodine and other chemicals to destroy or eradicate proliferation of bacteria

Adsorption

A system of water treatment that utilizes the principle of molecular or colloidal adhesion of medium without chemical reaction. a kind of porous material is used to attract contaminants from water thereby removing them from the solution and rendering water potable.

Alkalinity

caused by bicarbonate, carbonate, or hydroxide components.

Corrosion Control

The process of controlling the slow degradation of metal by a flow of electric current form the metal to its surroundings.

bored well

a well usually less than 100 feet deep

Driven well

A well which uses a steel drive-well point fitted on one end of the pipe and driven into the earth.

dug well

a kind of well constructed using hand tools or power tool; can be dug to a depth about 15 meters (50 ft) and may have the biggest diameter that may be allowed by space and condition.

Reciprocating pump

a positive displacement pump that uses a plunger, piston, or diaphragm moving in a back-and-forth motion to physically displace a specific amount of fluid in a chamber

Centrifugal pump

A common type of pump with an impeller mounted on a rotating shaft. The rotation of impeller causes suction effect on water resulting in the transfer of water from the suction to discharge side of the pump.

surface water

a mixture of surface run-off and groundwater

rotary pump

a pump that has a helical or spiral rotor- a turning verlical shaft within a rubber sleeve. As the rotor turns, it

traps water between it and the sleeve, thus forcing the water to the upper end of the rotor.

Crown Weir

The highest point of the bottom surface of the crown

submersible pump

pumps are desrgned so that motor can be submerged along with the turbine without damage to itself and its internal components. In this case the use of lengthy pump shaft is thus eliminated.

Jet Pump

A kind of pump where a venturi tube is added to the centrifugal pump

green

color code of water

light orange

color code of electricity

Door Operator

motor-driven device mounted on the car, which opens and closes the door

Photoelectricity

Electricity induced by ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION.

Piezoelectricity

Ability of crystals to generate a voltage in response to APPLIED MECHANICAL STRESS.

Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator

a simple electrical generator which obtains the power from radioactive decay.

admittance

the reciprocal of impedance

Buna

A synthetic rubber insulation used on wires, cables and other electrical apparatus.

circuit breaker

A device designed to open and close a circuit by nonautomatic means and to open the circuit automatically on a predetermined overcurrent without damage to itself when properly applied within its rating.

conductivity

a measure of the ability of the material or subtance to conduct electric current, equal to the reciprocal of the resistivity of the substance.

current

the rate of charge flow

Insulator

a material or substance that does not allow the flor of electricity through it

ohmmeter

an instrument for measuring resistance value

Direct Lighting

Essentially all light output is directed downward, ceiling illumination is entirely due to light reflected from floor and room furnishings.

Ohm

the unit of resistance

Ac Generator

also known as alternator

flashover

a disruptive electrical discharge around or over (but not through) an insulator.

switch

a device for making, breaking, or rearranging the connections of an electric circuit.

watt

the unit of electrical power

transformer

Galvanometer

an instrument for indicating or measuring comparatively small currents. it has zero-center indication.

semi-direct lighting

60 to 90 percent of the lamp output is directed DOWNWARD and the remaining serves to illuminate the ceiling

semi-indirect lighting

60% to 90% of the light output is directed upward to the ceiling and upper walls

Indirect Lighting

Type of lighting system where 90-100% of light output is directed to the ceiling and upper walls of the room.

Combined general and local lighting

Used in spaces where the general visual task is low but supplementary lighting is required.

Supplementary Lighting

Provides a restricted area of high intensity, but supplements the general lighting

Local lighting

Provides small high level area of lighting without contributing to the general lighting

General Lighting

lighting that provides a uniform level of light throughout a room; also called ambient lighting

High Intensity Discharge light source

are a family of lamps that incorporate a high pressure arc tube within the lamp envelope. It is filled with metallic gases.

electroluminiscent lamps

emmit light by direct excitation of phospor from an alternating current.

Electrodeless lamp

Low-pressure sodium lamps

Monochromatic lamps in the yellow region of the spectrum

Short-Arc Lamps or Compact Arc Lamps

Of the xenon family of lamps, produce light in a small tube and are the closest thing to a true point source of high luminance. Used for search lights, projectors or optical instruments.

Mercury Lamps

contain mercury vapor and produces bluish white light. generally used for industrial and outdoor application.

Plant Growth Lamps

Designed to stimulate photosynthesis

reflector lamps

Have an internal reflector to cover up portion of bulb; thus, reflect light to open aperture of lamp at higher intensity than general service type lamps. used for display or lightning applications

Subminiature Lamps

Family of tiny fluorescent lamps. used principally for backlight of LCD or for lightning instruments

neon lamps

lamps that commonly used as decorations or signages

Cold-cathode lamps

Similiar to neon, can be produced in longer runs of thin tubing bent to shape, have higher efficacy, twice the diameter of neon tubing = less fragile, can produce several shades of white as well as colors. Operate like a instant-start fluorescent.

black lamps

produce energy in the near ultra violet range

SL lamps

These lamps are specifically designed to FIT DIRECTLY in an INCANDESCENT LAMP FIXTURE.

PL lamps

A type of fluorescent Compact lamp; single-ended fluorescent lamps; popular for illuminating general spaces that previously were lit by incandescent lamps; 300% more energy efficient

Mean Lumens

The lumens output at 40% of the rated life of the lamp

Beam Lumens

Initial lumens output within the central beam

Luminaire Efficiency

ratio of luminous flux (lumen) emitted by a luminaire to total flux emitted by the lamp or lamps in the luminaire

Luminous efficacy

is defined as the light output per unit of electrical power (watts) or lumen/watts (lm/w)

transformer

A device that increases or decreases the voltage of alternating current

Volt

The unit of EMF

Rectifier

Changes alternating current to direct current

Mho

Unit of CONDUCTANCE; reciprocal of ohm.

plug

A device inserted into a receptacle for connection of a cord to the conductor terminations in the receptacle

Overload

Operation of equipment in excess of normal, full-load rating, or of a conductor in excess of rated ampacity that, when it persists for a sufficient length of time, would cause damage or dangerous overheating. A fault, such as a short circuit or ground fault, is not an overload.