Control and organisation

Formal Structure

An organisational system aimed at improving effectiveness to achieve its goals through established tasks, communication, and workflows.

Informal Structure

A network created by staff relationships rather than by the organisation, focusing on personal connections and collaboration.

Job Design

Specification of task activities associated with a specific job.

Job Enlargement

Assigning responsibility for all tasks in the process of creating a product.

Job Rotation

Workers rotating between different tasks to enhance skill variety.

Job Simplification

Assigning only one task to a worker to increase efficiency.

Job Enrichment

Enhancing a job's content to provide more responsibility and self-management.

Work Specialization

The degree to which tasks are divided into various jobs to improve efficiency.

Departmentalization

The way in which an organisation groups its activities and resources to achieve its strategic goals.

Vertical Structure

Organizational framework characterized by a hierarchy and clear chains of command.

Horizontal Structure

Organizational layout that emphasizes less hierarchy and promotes interdepartmental collaboration.

Centralisation

Decision-making authority concentrated at the top of the organisational hierarchy.

Decentralisation

Authority distributed to lower levels of the organisation, allowing for quicker responses to change.

Formalisation

The extent to which jobs, roles, and procedures are standardized within an organisation.

Downward Communication

Information flows from top managers to employees, which may lose clarity through hierarchy.

Upward Communication

Communication from employees to top management that can be distorted.

Spatial Dispersion

The degree of separation of an organization's offices and personnel across geographical locations.

Bureaucratic Organisation

A rigid structure with clear divisions of labor and strict hierarchical authority.

Adaptive Organisation

A flexible structure that empowers employees and encourages participation in decision-making.

Control

The process by which managers regulate activities to ensure they align with planned objectives and standards.

Quality Regulation

Ensuring that outputs meet established quality standards in organizational processes.

Lower Management

Management level focused on specific units or individual tasks with short-term goals.

Middle Management

Management level addressing departmental tasks with medium-term goals.

Top Management

Management responsible for organization-wide planning with a long-term perspective.

Excessive Control

Too much oversight, which can hinder innovation and reduce employee morale.

Barriers to Effective Control

Challenges that limit the success of control mechanisms in organizations.