Cell Division and Mitosis

These flashcards cover key vocabulary related to cell division, mitosis, and the cell cycle, helping the student review critical concepts for their upcoming exam.

Mitosis

The process of cell division where the nucleus divides to produce two identical daughter cells.

Cytokinesis

The division of the cytoplasm during cell division, resulting in two separate daughter cells.

Chromosome

A single linear DNA molecule that is packaged in eukaryotes, consisting of genetic material and associated proteins.

Centromere

The region of a chromosome where the sister chromatids are joined and where spindle fibers attach during cell division.

Sister Chromatids

Identical copies of a chromosome that are joined together at the centromere prior to cell division.

Chromatin

The complex of DNA and associated proteins that forms chromosomes within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

Genome

The complete set of genetic information in an organism, including all its genes.

G1 Phase

The first gap phase in the cell cycle, where the cell grows and prepares for DNA replication.

S Phase

The synthesis phase of the cell cycle, where DNA is replicated to form sister chromatids.

G2 Phase

The second gap phase in the cell cycle, where the cell prepares for mitosis.

M Phase

The phase of the cell cycle where mitosis and cytokinesis occur, leading to cell division.

Checkpoint

Regulatory points in the cell cycle where the cell assesses whether to proceed with division.

Kinetochores

Protein complexes at the centromeres that mediate the attachment of microtubules during cell division.

Microtubules

Filamentous structures made of tubulin that form part of the cytoskeleton and are crucial for chromosome movement during mitosis.

Cyclically operating molecule

Molecules such as Cdks and cyclins that regulate the progression of the cell cycle through phosphorylation.

Centrosome

An organelle that serves as a microtubule organizing center during cell division.

Binary Fission

A type of asexual reproduction in bacteria where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells.