LO5 ORAL PATHOLOGY

Humoral Immunity  

Which type of immunity is mediated by antibodies?

Impetigo

caused streptococcus pyogenes and staphylococcus aureus seen in young children, extremely infectious

Scarlet fever

occurs in children mostly, high fever with generalized red skin rash caused by a toxin released by the bacteria, petechia and strawberry tongue

Rheumatic fever

a childhood disease that follows a group A B-hemolytic streptococcal infection. a heart valve damage may occur requiring patient to be have premedication before DH treatment.

Tuberculosis

caused by the organism Mycobacterium tb, persistent caugh producing sputum and blood.

Actinomycosis

draining abscsses usually originating in the mandible; lumpy jaw

Syphilis

transmitted by sexual contact and direct contact (auto-inoculation)

mucous patches, oral lesions, grayish-white plaque

What are some signs of secondary stage of syphilis?

gumma: a firm mass, non infectious, destructive lesion that can result in perforation of the palatal bone.

What are some signs of tertiary stage of syphilis?

hutchinson’s incisors and mulberry molars

What are some dental abnormalities cause by congenital syphilis?

penicillin

treatment of syphilis

NUG Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis

What is a painful, erythematous gingivitis with necrosis of interdental papillae associated with immunosuppression?

Pericoronitis

inflammation around the crown of a partially erupted, impacted tooth. mainly on a lower third molar. OPERCULUM (flap of skin)

Acute Osteomyelitis

commonly the result of a chronic periapical abscess. acute inflammation of the bone and bone marrow.

Chronic Osteomyelitis

a long standing inflammation of bone (painful and swollen); on rad eventually become opaque

Candida albicans fungal infection

What is often related for dentures improper care and immuno compromised?

Pseudomembranous Candidiasis

What is a white curdlike material on the mucosal surface and red underneath?

Denture Stomatitis (Chronic Atrophic Candidiasis)

What is the most common type of candidiasis?

Angular Cheilitis

erythema or fissuring at the labial commissures caused by candida or nutritional deficiency

Median Rhomboid Glossitis

an erythematous, often rhomboid-shaped, flat to raised area on the midline of the posterior dorsal tongue

Chronic Hyperplastic Candidiasis ( candidal leukoplakia)

a white lesion that does not wipe off the mucosa

deep fungal infections

oral lesions are chronic and non healing, primarily involve the lungs. clients should be assessed before aerosol generating procedures are used during debridement

Neoplasia

What is uncontrolled, abnormal growth of cells in the body (benign or malignant)?

human papilloma virus

What is a small DNA virus with an affinity toward squamous epithelium?

sexual interaction or auto inoculation

How can HPV be spread?

Verruca Vulgaris (Common Wart)

well-circumscribed, pedunculated or sessile, cauliflower-like appearance, finger like projections. colour from white to pink

Condyloma Acuminatum

A benign papillary lesion caused by a papillomavirus, bulbous pink massess that can occur anywhere in the oral mucosa.

Multifocal Epithelial Hyperplasia (Heck Disease)

presence of multiple whitish to pale pink npdules distrubuted throughout the oral mucosa. most common in children

Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis

initial infection with herpes simple virus, painful tiny vesicles

recurrent herpes simplex infection

tends to persist in a latent state. affects the trigeminal nerve; herpes labialis

prodromal symptoms

pain, burning, or tingling sign that a lesion will soon appear

herpetic whitlow

a painful infection of the fingers caused by a primary or secondary infection

Varicella-Zoster Virus

what virus is responsible for causing chicken and shingles

secondary chickenpox in an adult

What is herpes zoster shingles?

mono epstein barr virus

What is known as “kissing disease”?

Hairy Leukoplakia

an irregular corrugated white lesion most commonly on the lateral border of the tongue.

herpangina

characterized by dysphagia and sore throat, resolves within a week

coxsackievirus infection

usually occurs in children, oral painful elsions resolves within 2 weeks

also called (hand foot and mouth disease)

measles

koplik spots( small red macules in the oral cavity with blueish colour) highly contagious

sexual contact, infected blood, breastmilk

how is HIV transmitted?

CD4 T-helper lymphocytes

which cells does HIV attacks or infects?

window of infectivity

antibodies may not be detectable for 6 months or up to a year or longer

Viral load

test such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are used to measure the amount of HIV circulating in serum

Oral candidiasis (thrush)

signals the beginning of progessively severe immunodeficiency

Kaposi Sarcoma

An opportunistic neoplasm that may occur in patients with HIV infection located on the palate and gingiva, dark purple lesion

Linear Gingival Erythema

Necrotizing Periodontitis

intense erythema and extremely rapid bone loss

Aphthous Ulcers

increase number of these in patients with HIV, deep persistent and painful. responds to STERIODS.

Salivary Gland Disease

bilateral parotid gland enlargement may occur in patients who are HIV+