Key Concepts in Crime, Cybercrime, and Policing

These flashcards encapsulate key concepts discussed in the lecture regarding crime, cybercrime, and policing, essential for understanding the social and legal frameworks that underpin these topics.

Social Constructivism

A theory suggesting concepts, including crime, are shaped by social contexts and interactions rather than being objectively defined.

Moral Entrepreneurs

Individuals or groups that advocate for societal changes related to moral issues and lead the claims-making process.

Claims-Making Process

The process through which crime is defined via public demands for action on perceived social issues.

Ontology

The study of what is real and what exists.

Epistemology

The study of how we know what we know.

Cybercrime

Harmful behaviors associated with the misuse of computers and networks.

Cyber-assisted Crimes

Traditional crimes aided by technology, such as communication and evasion.

Cyber-enabled Crimes

Crimes where technology expands opportunities, like identity theft.

Cyber-dependent Crimes

Crimes that exist solely because of technology, such as ransomware.

Recidivism

The tendency of previously convicted individuals to reoffend.

Restorative Justice

An approach focusing on repairing harm caused by crime through accountability, dialogue, and community involvement.

Zero Tolerance Policing

A strategy aimed at maintaining public order by addressing minor offenses to prevent more serious crimes.

Gladue Principles

Recognizing the unique challenges faced by Indigenous individuals in the justice system and emphasizing alternatives to incarceration.

Strategic Incapacitation

A policing approach focused on dismantling social movements by incapacitating protesters.

Political Dissent

The act of expressing disagreement with governmental policies, critical for maintaining democratic values.

Surveillance

The monitoring of individuals or groups to gather information, often used in policing and intelligence.

Claims-Makers

Individuals or entities advocating for specific social issues.

Criminalization of Dissent

The action taken by the state to label political dissent as deviant and subject to legal penalties.

Resource Theory of Criminal Law

The idea that laws can be used strategically by various groups and emphasizing inequality in access to legal support.

Socio-Legal Studies

The examination of how law functions within society as a social institution rather than merely defining what law is.