HIST 1302 - EXAM 1 (Multiple Choice)

The Freedmen's Bureau was originally established to provide

food, clothing, and education for emancipated slaves.

The Black Codes, passed by many of the Johnson-approved Southern state governments in late 1865, aimed to

ensure a stable and subservient labor force under white control.

The Freedmen's Bureau was originally established to provide

food, clothing, and education for emancipated slaves.

The Black Codes, passed by many of the Johnson-approved Southern state governments in late 1865, aimed to

ensure a stable and subservient labor force under white control.

The congressional elections of 1866 resulted in a

decisive defeat for Johnson and a veto-proof Republican Congress.

The Fourteenth Amendment provided for

full citizenship and civil rights for former slaves.

Besides putting the South under the rule of federal soldiers, the Military Reconstruction Act of 1867 required that all reconstructed southern states must

give blacks the vote as a condition of readmission to the Union.

Boss Tweed's widespread corruption was finally brought to a halt by

the journalistic exposes of The New York Times and cartoonist Thomas Nast.

In the key tradeoff featured in the Compromise of 1877,

Republicans got the presidency in exchange for the final removal of federal troops from the South.

Who of the following was not among the organizers of one of the large monopolistic trust corporations of the Gilded Age:

Thomas Edison

A vertical integration like the Carnegie Corporation essentially worked to

establish monopolistic control over every phase of business from raw material to final consumer.

Two late-nineteenth-century technological inventions that especially drew women out of the home and into the workforce were

the typewriter and the telephone.

Among the primary countries from which many of the New Immigrants came were

Poland and Italy.

Two religious groups that gained greatly from the mass immigration of the late nineteenth century were

Catholics and Jews.

The "normal schools" that grew dramatically in the late nineteenth century specialized in

educating teachers.

The Native Americans of the western plains offered strong resistance to white expansion through their effective use of

superb horsemanship and mobility.

The warfare that led up to the Battle of the Little Big Horn was set off by

white intrusions into the Indians' sacred Black Hills after the discovery of gold there.

The mining frontier played a vital role in

attracting the first substantial white population in the West.

The Homestead Act

allowed a settler to acquire as much as 160 acres of land (a quarter-section) by living on it for five years, improving it, and paying a nominal fee of about $30.

The real "safety valve" provided by the late nineteenth century West was in

western cities like Denver and San Francisco.

The deepest economic problems faced by most western farmers in the late nineteenth century were

deflation and lower prices for their products.

McKinley defeated Bryan primarily because he was able to win the support of

eastern wage earners and city dwellers.

In contrast to radical Republicans, moderate Republicans generally favored

states' rights and opposed direct federal involvement in individuals' lives.

Southern strategy for dealing with Reconstruction was carried through by a group known as

Redeemers

The Fifteenth Amendment provided for

voting rights for former slaves.

All of the following were true of radical regimes' rule in the Reconstruction South except

none of their reforms were retained by the all-white Redeemer governments that later returned to power.

All of the following were true of black politicians during Reconstruction except

no blacks served in local government offices such as mayor, magistrate, sheriff, or justice of the peace.

The primary purpose of the Ku Klux Klan was to

suppress African-American political power.

The radical Republican law that laid the basis for Andrew Johnson's impeachment declared that

the President could not remove a member of the Cabinet without consent of the Senate.

The skeptical public finally accepted Seward's purchase of Alaska because

Russia had been the only great power friendly to the Union during the Civil War.

Reconstruction might have been more successful if

Thaddeus Stevens's radical program of drastic economic reforms and stronger protection of political rights had been enacted.

The primary political base of the Democratic Party

included wealthy easterners, poor Midwesterners, and debt-burdened agrarians.

The Democrats' nomination of Horace Greeley as their presidential candidate in 1872 was politically disastrous because

the Liberal Republicans had already nominated Greeley as their candidate.

The depression that began with the Panic of 1873 created the first major clamor for

inflationary policies to be promoted by issuing greenbacks and other forms of soft money.

During the Gilded Age, the Democrats and the Republicans

disagreed primarily over the power of the federal government.

One reason for the extremely high voter turnouts and partisan fervor between the Democrats and Republicans of the Gilded Age was

sharp ethnic and cultural differences in the membership of the two parties.

The assassination of President James Garfield by a disappointed office seeker

meant that Conklingites would all get good jobs.

All of the following were true of the Election of 1884 except

Cleveland chose to "lie like a gentleman" about his illegitimate son.

Blaine lost the election of 1884 for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

Blaine lost the crucial support of a number of Irish voters.

Grover Cleveland stirred political opposition by

spending the federal budget surplus on public works.

Grover Cleveland proposed to address the problem of the large federal budget surplus by

lowering the tariff.

Benjamin Harrison's victory of Grover Cleveland in the Election of 1888 was unusual in that

Harrison lost the popular vote to Cleveland but won in the Electoral College.

The tariff bill, sponsored by the talented Congressman William McKinley of Ohio,

increased substantially tariff rates on imported manufactured goods, stirring rural political discontent.

In its first years, the Populist Party advocated, among other things,

free silver; a graduated income tax; and government ownership of the railroads, telegraph, and telephone.

The large trusts like Standard Oil and Swift and Armour justified their economic domination of their industries by claiming that

only large-scale methods of production and distribution could provide superior products at low prices.

The southern textile mills generally employed

poor whites recently off the farms.

One of the most difficult adjustments many formerly rural workers had to make to the industrial system was the

strict discipline and regimentation of time.

The group whose lives were most dramatically altered by the new industrial age was

Women

In its efforts on behalf of workers, the National Labor Union won

an eight-hour day for all workers.

The Knights of Labor believed that conflict between capital and labor would disappear when

business would understand the principles of social justice.

In contrast to the Knights of Labor, the American Federation of Labor advocated

concentrating on improving wages and hours and avoiding general social reform.

Besides serving immigrants and the poor in urban neighborhoods, settlement workers like Jane Addams and Florence Kelley

actively lobbied for social reforms like anti-sweatshop laws and child labor laws.

While big city political bosses and their machines were often criticized, they provided necessary and effective in the new urban environment because

they were more effective in serving urban immigrants' social and economic needs than weak state and local governments.

Labor unions favored immigration restriction because most immigrants were all of the following except

opposed to factory labor.

After 1875, most biologists and other natural scientists

came around to espouse organic evolution after having initially opposed it.

When liberal Protestantism attempted to accommodate religion to modern science, it also tended to

relegate religion to a private sphere of personal conduct and family life.

Two major sources of funding for the powerful new American research universities were

state land grants and wealthy, philanthropic industrialists.

W. E. B. DuBois was best known for supporting

complete social and economic equality for blacks and the best education for their talented tenth.

All of the following were true of daily newspapers in the late nineteenth century except

the day of slashing journalistic giants like Horace Greeley was returning.

The journalist-reformer who advocated a single-tax was

Henry George

Anthony Comstock was best known for his crusade against

sexual explicitness and obscenity.

The wild frontier towns where the three major cattle trails from Texas ended were

Abilene, Kansas; Ogalalla, Nebraska; and Cheyenne, Wyoming.

By the 1880s, most western farmers faced hard times because

they were forced to sell their grain at declining prices in volatile and depressed world markets.

Utah was finally admitted to the Union after

the Mormon Church formally banned polygamy in 1890.

All of the following were effects of mechanization of farm labor except

the bonanza farms never attained the status of a factory.

The least organized—and therefore most exploited—sector of the late nineteenth century economy consisted of

farmers

The first major national organization to support farmers and promote their interests was

the National Grange (Patrons of Husbandry).

The Farmers' Alliance was especially weakened by

its inability to overcome racial divisions in the South.

The Pullman strike was ended by

sending in federal troops to crush it.