METEOROLOGY AND ASTRONOMY

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58 Terms

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Weather

Average atmospheric condition at a certain place at a given time

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Climate

Average atmospheric conditions in a certain area over a long period of time

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Wind movement

Hot air is less dense that cold air thus hot air rises and cold air sinks

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Sea breeze

Takes place during the day; air flows from the sea to land

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Land breeze

Takes place during the night; air flows from the land to sea

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Cyclones

Violent whirling storm characterised by strong winds and rain covering large areas; created by winds converging at a low pressure area

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Thunderstorms

Small cluster of storm clouds carrying heavy rain and something lightning

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Tornadoes

Violent twisting funnel of air

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Department of Science and Technology

DOST

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Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration

PAGASA

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Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology

PHILVOLCS

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Department of Interior and Local Government

DILG

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National Economic and Development Authority

NEDA

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Meteorology

Study of the phenomenas in /of the atmosphere

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Astronomy

Study of space, celestial bodies, and the behaviour of the universe

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Aphelion

Farthest point of the Earth from the sun; colder temperatures

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Perihelion

Closest part of the Earth in its orbit from the sun; hotter temperatures

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Summer solstice

Longest days

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Winter solstice

Shortest days

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Equinox

Equal lengths of day and night

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Days where the moon makes a full revolution around the Earth

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Apogee

Farthest point of the moon from the Earth; lower gravitational pull — lower tides & less tide variation

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Perigee

Closest point of the moon to the Earth; higher gravitational pull — higher tides & greater tide variation

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Spring tide

High tides are higher and low tides are lower than usual

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Neap tides

High tides are lower and low tides are higher than usual

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Solar eclipse

Sun — Moon — Earth; occurs every 18 months but only repeats in the same location every 360-410 days

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Lunar eclipse

Sun — Earth — Moon; happens during a full moon

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Umbra

inner shadow during an eclipse where total darkness occurs.

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Penumbra

outer shadow during an eclipse where partial darkness occurs.

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Antumbra

region of shadow beyond the darkest shadow - creates a ring-like effect in an annual eclipse

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Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars

Terrestrial planets

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Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune

Jovian planets

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Mercury

planet with very hot days and very cold nights

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Venus

Earth’s “twin“ - “morning star“ - thick atmosphere, severe greenhouse effect

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Earth

only known planet with living creatures

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Mars

“red planet“

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Jupiter

the largest planet in the solar system. It is a gas giant with a distinct Great Red Spot and many moons (95).

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Saturn

has a complex planetary ring system - has the most moons (274)

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Uranus

has an atmosphere with about 83% Hydrogen

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Neptune

Blue in color. Has the Great Dark Spot

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Natural satellites

smaller bodies orbiting around the planets

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Asteroids

astronomical bodies revolving around the star but does not have enough mass to be spherical

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Comets

chunk of ice revolving around a star

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Galaxy

very large collection of smaller astronomical bodies revolving around a center

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The Milky Way

the most important galaxy as it contains our solar system

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spiral, barred spiral, elliptical, and irregular

types of galaxies

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Stars

a massive body of gas that can produce energy through nuclear fusion - colors depend on age

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Giants

main sequence stars reach their maximum size and starts to lose energy and become a star nebula

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Super giants

star that is too massive to be a main sequence star — do not dissipate but explodes as a supernova

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White dwarf

dying star

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Nebula

immense gas cloud where stars are born

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Main sequence

phase in the star life cycle form its birth to near death

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Black hole

end result of a supernova when all the materials explode and compress due to gravity creating a neutron star (very dense star)

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Pulsars

neutron star with high magnetic field that its electromagnetic emissions are concentrated at the magnetic poles

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the big bang theory

a huge explosion occurred from a singularity and the immense energy created matter that is continually spreading outward, creating space

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the big crunch

combined gravitation of all masses in the universe, expansion will eventually stop and begin to compress back into singularity

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divine creation

religious belief which states that the universe was created by God

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light year

the distance traveled by light in 1 year (9.46 × 10¹² km)