METEOROLOGY AND ASTRONOMY

Weather

Average atmospheric condition at a certain place at a given time

Climate

Average atmospheric conditions in a certain area over a long period of time

Wind movement

Hot air is less dense that cold air thus hot air rises and cold air sinks

Sea breeze

Takes place during the day; air flows from the sea to land

Land breeze

Takes place during the night; air flows from the land to sea

Cyclones

Violent whirling storm characterised by strong winds and rain covering large areas; created by winds converging at a low pressure area

Thunderstorms

Small cluster of storm clouds carrying heavy rain and something lightning

Tornadoes

Violent twisting funnel of air

Department of Science and Technology

DOST

Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration

PAGASA

Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology

PHILVOLCS

Department of Interior and Local Government

DILG

National Economic and Development Authority

NEDA

Meteorology

Study of the phenomenas in /of the atmosphere

Astronomy

Study of space, celestial bodies, and the behaviour of the universe

Aphelion

Farthest point of the Earth from the sun; colder temperatures

Perihelion

Closest part of the Earth in its orbit from the sun; hotter temperatures

Summer solstice

Longest days

Winter solstice

Shortest days

Equinox

Equal lengths of day and night

27

Days where the moon makes a full revolution around the Earth

Apogee

Farthest point of the moon from the Earth; lower gravitational pull — lower tides & less tide variation

Perigee

Closest point of the moon to the Earth; higher gravitational pull — higher tides & greater tide variation

Spring tide

High tides are higher and low tides are lower than usual

Neap tides

High tides are lower and low tides are higher than usual

Solar eclipse

Sun — Moon — Earth; occurs every 18 months but only repeats in the same location every 360-410 days

Lunar eclipse

Sun — Earth — Moon; happens during a full moon

Umbra

inner shadow during an eclipse where total darkness occurs.

Penumbra

outer shadow during an eclipse where partial darkness occurs.

Antumbra

region of shadow beyond the darkest shadow - creates a ring-like effect in an annual eclipse

Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars

Terrestrial planets

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune

Jovian planets

Mercury

planet with very hot days and very cold nights

Venus

Earth’s “twin“ - “morning star“ - thick atmosphere, severe greenhouse effect

Earth

only known planet with living creatures

Mars

“red planet“

Jupiter

the largest planet in the solar system. It is a gas giant with a distinct Great Red Spot and many moons (95).

Saturn

has a complex planetary ring system - has the most moons (274)

Uranus

has an atmosphere with about 83% Hydrogen

Neptune

Blue in color. Has the Great Dark Spot

Natural satellites

smaller bodies orbiting around the planets

Asteroids

astronomical bodies revolving around the star but does not have enough mass to be spherical

Comets

chunk of ice revolving around a star

Galaxy

very large collection of smaller astronomical bodies revolving around a center

The Milky Way

the most important galaxy as it contains our solar system

spiral, barred spiral, elliptical, and irregular

types of galaxies

Stars

a massive body of gas that can produce energy through nuclear fusion - colors depend on age

Giants

main sequence stars reach their maximum size and starts to lose energy and become a star nebula

Super giants

star that is too massive to be a main sequence star — do not dissipate but explodes as a supernova

White dwarf

dying star

Nebula

immense gas cloud where stars are born

Main sequence

phase in the star life cycle form its birth to near death

Black hole

end result of a supernova when all the materials explode and compress due to gravity creating a neutron star (very dense star)

Pulsars

neutron star with high magnetic field that its electromagnetic emissions are concentrated at the magnetic poles

the big bang theory

a huge explosion occurred from a singularity and the immense energy created matter that is continually spreading outward, creating space

the big crunch

combined gravitation of all masses in the universe, expansion will eventually stop and begin to compress back into singularity

divine creation

religious belief which states that the universe was created by God

light year

the distance traveled by light in 1 year (9.46 × 10¹² km)