OAE 043 Special Education

What is Pragmatic Language Disorder?

Difficulty understanding and using language in social contexts; often associated with ASD.

What are the two criteria for identifying an Intellectual Disability?

Below-average cognitive functioning and deficits in at least two adaptive behaviors.

What is a key difference between students with LD and students with mild ID?

Students with LD typically have specific cognitive difficulties, while students with mild ID have more global delays.

What is Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?

A disorder characterized by deficits in communication, social interaction, and repetitive behaviors.

What is Asperger’s Syndrome?

A form of autism involving impaired social skills with relatively typical cognitive and language development.

What is Emotional Behavioral Disorder (EBD)?

Behavior that significantly differs from age and cultural norms and negatively affects educational performance.

What behavior is commonly associated with Emotional Impairment?

Avoidance (e.g., complaints of illness to escape a task).

What is Tourette’s Syndrome?

A disorder involving multiple motor tics and at least one vocal tic occurring frequently.

What is Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD)?

Difficulty interpreting sensory information such as touch, sounds, and movement

What is Specific Learning Disability (SLD)?

A disorder affecting psychological processes involved in listening, speaking, reading, writing, spelling, or math.

What does an Adaptive Behavior Assessment measure?

Skills in interpersonal relationships, self-determination, and daily living.

What is the first step in a Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA)?

Describe the behavior using concise, observation-based terms.

What is Curriculum-Based Assessment?

Evaluation using objectives from the student’s actual classroom work.

What is a Portfolio Assessment?

A collection of student’s work used to document progress and performance.

What is an Authentic Assessment?

Assessment of skills in real-life situations.

What is the ceiling level on a standardized test?

The stopping point after several consecutive incorrect responses.

Why can standardized tests be limited for students with LD?

Results may not easily translate into effective instructional strategies.

What type of test is best for a three-year reevaluation in reading, writing, and math?

An individually administered standardized achievement test.

What does IDEA guarantee?

Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE) and special education services.

What is FAPE?

Special education and related services are provided at public expense according to an IEP.

What does FERPA require before sharing a student’s records?

Written consent from the parent or eligible student.

What is Section 504?

A civil rights law requiring reasonable accommodations for individuals with disabilities.

What does Zero Reject mean?

Public schools must educate all children regardless of disability.

What is Due Process in special education?

Procedures that protect parents’ and students’ rights when disagreements occur.

Before a student can be evaluated for special education services, what must occur?

Parents/guardians must provide written permission.

What is an IEP?

A written plan outlining a student’s goals, services, accommodations, and modifications.

What is the Least Restrictive Environment (LRE)?

The setting that allows maximum interaction with nondisabled peers while meeting the student’s needs.

What placement must be considered first for a student with MS and LD?

The general education classroom.

What are Supplementary Aids and Services?

Supports that help students with disabilities participate in general education settings.

What is Inclusion?

Educating students with disabilities in general education classrooms with supports.

What is an Individual Transition Plan (ITP)?

A plan for transition to adulthood, employment, and independent living.

At what age must transition planning be included in the IEP?

Under IDEA, by the age 16

What is Phonology?

The study of speech sounds.

What is Morphology?

The study of word formation and meaningful units.

What is Semantics?

The study of word meanings.

What is Syntax?

The arrangement of words into sentences.

What is a phoneme?

The smallest distinctive sound unit in language.

What is a Behavior Intervention Plan (BIP)?

A written plan with positive interventions and supports to address problem behavior.

What is RTI (Response to Intervention)?

A system of providing research-based interventions and monitoring progress.

What is Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)?

Systematic behavioral training based on behavioral principles.

What strategy helps a student with difficulty understanding social cues?

Role-playing social scenarios involving verbal and nonverbal communciaton.

What is an Absence Seizure?

A brief seizure involving a blank stare and loss of awareness without major motor activity.

What are common side effects of anitconvulsant medications?

Drowsiness and dizziness.

What medication is commonly used for ADHD?

Stimulant medications such as amphetamines.

What is Hyperglycemia?

Excess sugar in the bloodstream.

What are the symptoms of hyperglycemia?

Increased thirst, frequency of urination, blurred vision, fatigue, and weight loss.

What is Cystic Fibrosis?

A condition causing thick mucus in the lungs and increased respiratory infections.

What is Spastic Cerebral Palsy?

CP is characterized by uncontrolled muscle tightening and stiffness.

Which fine motor skill develops last?

Cutting shapes with scissors.

What gross motor skill develops last?

Jumping forward with two feet.

What is Piaget’s Sensorimotor Stage?

Birth to 2 years; learning through senses and motor actions.

What is Piaget’s Preoperational Stage?

Ages 2-7; egocentric thinking and limited logical operations.

What is Piaget’s Concrete Operations Stage?

Ages 7-11; logical thinking about concrete objects.

What is Piage't’s Formal Operations Stage?

Age 12+; abstract and hypothetical reasoning.

What is the best assessment for documenting academic strengths and weaknesses?

Standardized achievement testing.

What is the best way to minimize bias when evaluating an ELL student?

Use formal and informal assessments in the student’s primary language.

What is the best communication strategy for parents who speak another language?

Provide a professional translator/interpreter.

What is the best way to develop self-determination skills?

Include a student as a collaborator in their IEP meeting.

What is the most effective way to integrate social skills for a student with ASD?

Peer-to-peer support in the general education classroom.

What type of assessment is purchasing an item at a store?

Authentic assessment.

What is Rett Syndrome?

A genetic disorder affecting girls that includes autistic behaviors, intellectual disability, and loss of communication skills in early childhood.

What is Echolalia?

Repeating words or phrases spoken by others without understanding.

What is Down Syndrome caused by?

A chromosomal abnormality that typically results in moderate intellectual disability.

What is Muscular Dystrophy?

A genetic disorder causing progressive muscle weakness, most common in boys.

What is Cerebral Palsy?

A non-progressive motor disability caused before or around birth that affects muscle control and movement.

Students with Autism often become upset by what?

Changes in routines or the enviornment.

Students with mild intellectual disabilities learn best through what?

Direct instruction, repetition, and explicit teaching.

Students with learning disabilities usually have what type of IQ?

Average or above-average intelligence.

What does an Evaluation Team Report determine?

Whether a student has a disability and what services are needed.

What is an Effective Instructional Plan (EIP)?

A plan based on information from all developmental domains rather than one standardized test.

Which assessment evaluates reading strengths and weaknesses?

Formal Diagnostic Reading Achievement Test.

What assessment is best for measuring everyday life skills?

Authentic assessment.

What assessment uses work completed during instruction?

Curriculum-Based Assessment.

What assessment measures adaptive skills?

Adaptive Behavior Assessment.

What does PL 94-142 refer to?

The Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975.

What is Zero Reject?

Schools must educate all students regardless of disability.

What is the purpose of Related Services?

To help students benefit from special education.

What law protects student educational records?

FERPA

What does Due Process protect?

Parent and student rights during disagreements over special education.

What is the purpose of a Functional Behavior Assessment?

To determine why a behavior occurs.

What should happen before creating a Behavior Intervention Plan?

Conduct an FBA.

What is the purpose of a School-Wide Positive Behavior Support Program?

To improve behavior using proactive, evidence-based practices.

What is one effective strategy for aggressive behavior?

Use a consistent behavior plan at school and home.

Students who don’t understand the alphabetic principle struggle with what?

Connecting letters to sounds.

What is the best way to communicate regularly with families?

A home-school communication notebook with permission.

How can teachers objectively evaluate their own instruction?

Record lessons and reflect on them.

How can teachers identify personal cultural bias?

Reflect on their own background, beliefs, and values.

What should an IEP include for a first grader with mild ID in general education?

A modified academic curriculum.

How should a student with cerebral palsy participate in class discussions?

Use the student’s preferred communciation method.

What helps students with ASD develop social skills

Peer-to-peer support

What helps students with CP participate in general education?

Modified activities

What medication is commonly prescribed for seizures?

Depakote

What medication treats cystic fibrosis?

Pulmozyme

What medication is commonly prescribed for epilepsy?

Gabapentin

During which Piaget stage do children become logical thinkers?

Concrete Operational Stage

During which Piaget stage does abstract thinking develop?

Formal Operational Stage

Children in the Preoperational Stage struggle with what?

Conservation and perspective taking

A student with muscular dystrophy and LD should be placed where first?

Inclusive general education classroom with supports.

An English learner is being evaluated for special education. Which language should assessments be given in?

The student’s primary language

Why is drill-and-practice software effective for students with LD?

It provides immediate feedback and repeated practice