ap gov unit 4 - presidency + bureaucracy

getting that 5 on the ap exam

bureaucracy

agencies and departments in the executive branch that can help carry out functions of a government

the cabinet

secretaries/attorney generals appointed by potus and approved by the senate

discretionary authority

the power for the bureaucracy to interpret and implement policies passed down by POTUS or Congress.

iron triangle

a stable relationship between a government agency, a congressional committee, and an interest group that influences policy-making.

rulemaking

using discretionary authority given by congress, the bureaucracy has the power to create and enforce regulations that individuals and businesses must follow

amendment 22 (XXIII)

Limits the president to two terms in office.

pocket veto

POTUS leaves bill on desk for 10 dayswithout signing it, resulting in its automatic rejection if Congress goes out of session during that period.

amendment 12 (XII)

Revises the procedure for electing the President and Vice President, ensuring they are elected together as a ticket.

pendleton act

passed to prevent government jobs being given based on political loyalty - often called spoils system/patronage

merit system

A system of hiring and promotion based on ability and qualifications rather than political connections, aimed at ensuring a fair and competent public service.

oversight

the ability for congress to investigate and hold committee hearings of regarding the activity of the bureaucracy to ensure accountability and compliance with laws.

signing statement

(informal power) a written comment issued by the President upon signing a bill into law, often outlining how the President intends to interpret or implement the law.

compliance monitoring

the process of ensuring that individuals, businesses, and government agencies follow laws, regulations, and policies through regular oversight and assessment.

amendment 20 (XX)

shortened lame duck period by moving inauguration from march 4th to january 20th

amendment 25 (XXV)

establishes procedures for presidential succession and disability, allowing the Vice President to assume the presidency under certain circumstances.

executive agreement

contract between POTUS and prime minister, king, or president of another nation, no senate 2/3 vote/approval needed.

executive order

directive issue by POTUS that has the force of law without needing approval from congress

bargaining and persuasion

strategies used by POTUS to influence congress and secure legislation through negotiations and personal relationships

state of the union message

An annual speech given by the president to Congress, outlining the administration's legislative agenda, priorities, and the country's condition.