The Management in Medication Therapy Management Functions

roles of pharmacists in early 20th century

• apprenticeships

• apothecaries

• producers and compounders

• not considered health care professionals

• 4 year baccalaureate degree

roles of pharmacists in middle 20th century

• diminished role

• Durham-Humphrey amendment created

• 5 years education required

• pharmacy code of ethics developed

• seen as merchants

role of pharmacists in late 20th century

• Millis commission’s report (inadequately prepared in systems analysis, management skills and communicating)

• role as therapeutic advisor

• 6 years education required

• Doctor of Pharmacy

role of pharmacists in new millenium

• shift from independently-owned pharmacies to chains, mail orders, and web-based pharmacies

• greatly increased the responsibilities of a pharmacist

identify 5 domains of pharmacy care

• risk management

• patient-centered care delivery

• disease and medication therapy management

• pharmacy care services marketing

• business management

strategic planning

improves sales, profitability, number of clinical/value-added services provided, etc

supervisor support and facilitation

improves job commitment, job satisfaction, and quality of work life

business/work orientation

very critical; most pharmacists wish they had more management training

identify myths surrounding the practice of pharmacy and health care as a business

• the practice of pharmacy is ethically inconsistent with good business

• business is not a profession guided by ethical standards

• in business, quality of care is secondary to generating profits

• the good pharmacist is one who is a “clinical purist”

what factors can affect delivery of pharmacy goods and services

• patient demographics

• attitudes and belief systems

• competitive markets

• technology

accounting

focuses on movement of money and makes sure its correct; computing taxes owed to federal, state and local governments

finance

maximizes returns and profits; very strategy based and includes investment of profits and managing assets

economics

deals with supply and demand, optimal hours of business operation, determine levels of investment into risk management

human resources

involves hiring/terminating personnel, training, job analyses

marketing

visibility of products and services, identifying local competitors

operations management

optimizing workflow, control inventory, quality improvement initiatives

define management

set of principles relating to functions of planning, organizing, directing/leading and controlling, and the application of these principles in harnessing physical, financial, human, and informational resources efficiently and effectively to achieve organizational goal

define managers

people who perform management activities

actions taken by managers

planning, organizing, leading, and controlling

levels of managers’ impact

organizational (least frequent type, involves actions that affect groups of people), interpersonal (occurs between manager and one other person), and individual (most frequently occurring, involved in every decision we make)

resources managed

money, people, time, materials, and info

classical views of management

hierarchial relationships, authority went unquestioned, workers did as they were told

modern views on management

partnership between admin and workers, primarily “knowledge workers” , managers must adapt their management activities to their workers, they also must energize, empower, support and communicate