Basic Procedures Ch.3 Thoracic Viscera: Chest and Upper Airway

Aspiration/Foreign Body

Inspiration of foreign material into the airway

Atelectasis

-Collapse of all or part of the lung.

-Uses the prefix a- which means without or lacking, so without/lacking full expansion of the lung.

Bronchiectasis

-Chronic dilation of the bronchi and bronchioles associated with secondary infection

-uses the root word bronch and the suffix ectasis which means widening/dilation

Bronchitis

-Inflammation of the bronchi

-uses root word bronch and suffix itis which means inflammation

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Chronic condition of persistent obstruction of bronchial airflow

Cystic fibrosis

Disorder associated with widespread dysfunction of the exocrine glands, abnormal secretion of sweat and saliva, and accumulation of thick mucus in the lungs

Emphysema

-Destructive and obstructive airway changes leading to an increased volume of air in the lungs

-comes from the greek word emphysema which means to inflate or swell which is what happens to the alveoli in this condition which causes the increase of air

Epiglottitis

Inflammation of the epiglottis

Fungal disease

Inflammation of the lung caused by a fungal organism Ex. histoplasmosis

Histoplasmosis (fungal disease)

Infection caused by the yeast-like organism Histoplasma capsulatum

Granulomatous disease

Condition of the lung marked by formation of granulomas. Ex. Sarcoidosis and Tuberculosis

Sarcoidosis (type of granulomatous disease)

Condition of unkown origin often associated with pulmonary fibrosis

Tuberculosis (type of ganulomatous disease)

Chronic infection of the lung caused by tubercle bacillus

Hyaline membrane diseasee or respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)

-Under-aeration of the lungs caused by lack of surfactant

-affects premature babies who cannot produce enough surfactant to help keep lung sacs open

Metastasis

-Transfer of a cancerous lesion from one area to another

-can remember because when cancer metastasizes, it spreads from one area to another

Pleural Effusion

Collection of fluid in the pleural cavity

Pneumoconiosis

-Lung disease resulting from inhalation of industrial substances

-Construction sites use industrial substances

Anthracosis/coal miner lung/black lung (type of pneumoconiosis)

-Inflammation caused by inhalation of coal dust (anthracite)

-Root word -anthrac- which means coal.

Asbestosis (type of pneumoconiosis)

Inflammation caused by inhalation of asbestos

Silicosis

Inflammation caused by inhalation of silicon dioxide

Pneumonia

Acute infection in the lung parenchyma

Aspiration (pneumonia)

Pneumonia caused by aspiration of foreign particles

Interstitial/Viral/Pneumonitis (pneumonia)

Pneumonia caused by a virus and involving the alveolar walls and interstitial structures

Lobar or baterial (pneumonia)

Pneumonia involving the alveoli of an entire lobe without involving the bronchi

Lobular or bronchopneumonia (pneumonia)

Pneumonia involving the bronchi and scattered throughout the lung

Pneumothorax

Accumulation of air in the pleural cavity resulting in collapse of the lung

Pulmonary edema

Replacement of air with fluid in the lung interstitium and alveoli

Tumor

New tissue growth where cell proliferation is uncontrolled