Programming Midterm Unit 1+2 Vocab

Central Processing Unit(CPU)

Executes machine instructions to process data.

Program

A set of instructions designed to perform some task.

Dynamic Random Access Memory(DRAM)

Holds instructions and data for programs being run by CPU.

Memory Address

A specific numbered memory location.

Instruction Cycle

A sequence of operations run by a processor after it executes a program; Fetch, Decode, Execute.

Kilo

Thousands(10^3)

Mega

Millions(10^6)

Giga

Billions(10^9)

Tera

Trillions(10^12)

Peta

Quadrillions(10^15)

Exa

Quintillion(10^18)

Storage

Programs or data stored on non-volatile storage devices.

Non-volatile

Retaining data when power is turned off.

Input Devices

Computer gets info. from this device(info. may be entered by person); Keyboard, Mouse, Trackpad, Microphone, Web Camera, Scanner, Sensor.

Output Devices

Computer sends info. to this device(info. may be viewed by person); Video Monitor/Display, Speakers, Printer, Projector.

Compiled Language

Language where program is converted to machine code, which is then directly run by the processor.

Examples of compiled languages.

C, C++

Compiler

Program converting source code to machine code in a compiled language.

Interpreted Language

A special program reads source code and runs the source program line by line.

Examples of interpreted languages.

Python, Flowgorithm

Interpeter

Special program reading source code in an interpreted language.

Application Program

An application(app) designed to perform a task for a user.

System Program

Program that runs(often long-term or indefinitely) and manages other programs/is used to build other programs.

Operating Systems

A system program used to run a computer and manage application programs on the computer; Windows, MacOS, Linux, iOS, Android.