KS3 Physics - Heating and Cooling

Flashcards to help review key concepts from KS3 Physics about heating and cooling.

What is heat?

Heat is a type of energy, specifically the kinetic energy possessed by particles.

How is heat energy measured?

Heat energy is measured in joules (J).

What is temperature?

Temperature is a measure of how hot or cold an object is, measured in degrees Celsius (°C).

What is the freezing point of water?

The freezing point of water is defined as 0°C (at 1 atm.).

What is the boiling point of water?

The boiling point of water is defined as 100°C (at 1 atm.).

What are the four processes of heat transfer?

The four processes are conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation.

When can heat energy be transferred?

Heat energy can only be transferred when there is a temperature difference.

What is conduction?

Conduction is the way that heat energy travels through solids because their particles are close together.

What is convection?

Convection is the way that heat energy travels through liquids and gases because their particles are free to move.

What is radiation?

Radiation is the transfer of heat energy by electromagnetic waves and does not require a medium.

What differentiates solids, liquids, and gases?

The differences can be explained by the particle model, which considers particle arrangement and movement.

How does temperature affect particle movement?

The kinetic energy of particles increases with temperature.

What happens to a gas at low temperatures?

At a cold enough temperature, gases will become solid.

What happens to solids when heated?

Solids will rise in temperature until reaching their melting point and then turn into liquids.

What is melting?

Melting is the change of state from solid to liquid.

What is freezing?

Freezing is the change of state from liquid to solid.

What is boiling?

Boiling is the change of state from liquid to gas.

What is condensing?

Condensing is the change of state from gas to liquid.

What is an insulator?

An insulator is a material that does not allow heat energy to flow through it.

What is a conductor?

A conductor is a material that allows heat energy to flow through it.

How are heat energy and temperature related?

Heat energy is the energy transferred due to temperature differences, while temperature measures how hot or cold an object is.

What term describes the transfer of heat energy?

The correct term for heat transfer is 'thermal transfer.'