Renaissance Poetry Test

Poetic Feet

Individual units of meter

Spondee

Two stressed syllables (/ /)

Iamb

-Unstressed, stressed (U /)

-Rhythm of English

Trochee

Stressed, Unstressed (U /)

Anapest

Unstressed, unstressed, stressed (U U /)

Dactyl

Stressed, unstressed, unstressed (/ U U)

Metrical feet

Number of feet in a line of poetry

1 Metrical foot

Monometer

2 Metrical feet

Dimeter

3 metrical feet

Trimeter

4 Metrical feet

Tetrameter

5 Metrical feet

Pentameter

6 Metrical Feet

Hexameter

7 Metrical Feet

Heptameter

8 Metrical Feet

Octameter

What types of words are almost always unstressed?

-Articles (a, an, the)

-Conjunctions (and, but, or, so, because, for, yet, nor, if, etc.)

-Prepositions (in, on, at, by, for, with, about, from, to, under, etc.)

-Short/One letter words (I, a, if, on, etc.)

-Prefixes (un-, re-, dis-, pre-, etc.)

-Suffixes (-ful, -less, -ly, -ness, -ment, -able, etc.)

What types of words are almost always stressed?

-Nouns (person, place, or thing)

-Verbs (action, state, or occurrence)

Sonnet

-Italian for Sonnetti; little songs

-14 lines of Iambic Pentameter

-Specific rhyme scheme of ending rhymes

-Typical Theme of love

-Spread around quickly

Petrarchan Sonnet (Italian Sonnet)

-ABBAABBA for the first 8 lines (Octave)

-CDEDCE for the last 6 lines (Seset)

-Line 9 gives a change in thought/ a shift: Volta

-Wrote Courtly Love sonnets to beloved Laura

-Wrote in Translation

Shakespearean Sonnet (English Sonnet)

-Sonnet containing three quatrains; ABAB, CDCD, EFEF

- And a couplet; GG, typically performs tone shift

-typically about Dark Lady or Young Man

-Work survived because his friends knew he would be incredible so they saved his work in a book called the folio

Spenserian Sonnet

-a sonnet consisting of three quatrains and a concluding couplet

-iambic pentameter

-with the rhyme pattern ABAB BCBD CDCD EE

-wrote about wife

Alliteration

-Sound Device

-Repetition of initial consonant sounds

-ex: peter piper picked a peck of pickled peppers

Assonance

-Sound Device

-Repetition of a vowel sound within two or more words in close proximity

-ex: "Go slow over the road"; Long "o" sound

Consonance

-Sound Device

-Repetition of a consonant sound within two or more words in close proximity; Though the final consonants in several stressed syllables agree, the vowel sounds that precede them are different

-ex: "Mike likes his new bike"; "k" sound

Onomatopoeia

-Sound Device

-the use of words that imitate sounds, sound suggests its meaning

-ex: Boom, pow, sizzle

Metaphor

-Figurative Language

-A comparison without using like or as,implied comparison in which two unlike things are linked by a surprising similarity

-ex: "she has a heart of gold"

Simile

-Figurative Language

-A comparison using "like" or "as", A similarity between two essentially unlike things that are directly expressed

-ex: "as busy as a bee"

Metonymy

-Figurative Language

-A figure of speech in which something is referred to by using the name of something that is associated with it rather than the literal word

-ex: "The White House says..." (White house isn't actually saying it, but executive officials/president are). "Wall street says..." "Pentagon Says..."

Synecdoche

-Figurative Language

-a figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa, use of a narrower term for a wider one

-ex: "all hands on deck", "all eyes on me", "I need more boots on the ground"

Personification

-Figurative Language

-A figure of speech in which an object or animal is given human feelings, thoughts, or attitudes

-ex: "the leaves danced in the wind", "the sun smiled down on us"

Irony

-Literary Device

-the use of words to convey a meaning that is the opposite of its literal meaning/contrast of reality

-Verbal Irony ex: (person says one thing but means the opposite) A teacher walks into an extremely messy classroom and says, "What a tidy room you have"

-Situational Irony ex: (opposite of what is expected to happen occurs) a fire-station burns down

-Dramatic Irony ex: (audience knows something that the characters in a story do not) In Romeo and Juliet, the audience knows that Juliet has only taken a sleeping potion, but Romeo, believing she is dead, kills himself.

Tone

-Literary Device

-Attitude a writer takes toward the audience, a subject, or a character

-ex: a passage describing a peaceful park with "settled" dust and "quiet" nights creates a calm and peaceful tone

Apostrophe

-Literary Device

-A rhetorical device in which an absent or imaginary person or abstraction is directly addressed as though present, address reader who is not there

-"Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?" -sonnet 18 Shakespeare

Anaphora

-Literary Device

-repeating the same word or words at the start of two or more lines of poetry

-ex: Nor lose possession of that fair thou owest;

Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade -sonnet 18 Shakespeare

Allusion

-Literary Device

-A brief reference to a commonly known historical or literary figure, event, or object. This indirect device works on the knowledge and memory of the reader, tapping associations and emotional resonance, reference to something of shared significance

-ex: bible, history, Shakespeare, Odyssey

Enjambment

-Literary Device

-A line of poetry in which the sense and grammatical construction continue on to the next line

-ex: "I wonder, by my troth, what thou and I

Did, till we loved? Were we not weaned till then?" (No punctuation after "I", but next line begins)

Oxymoron

-Figurative Language

-A self-contradictory combination of words

-ex: Jumbo Shrimp

Rhetorical Question

-Literary Device

-a question asked in order to create a dramatic effect or to make a point rather than to get an answer

-ex: "Is the sky blue?"

Imagery

-Literary Device

-A literal and concrete representation of a sensory experience or an object that can be known by the 5 senses.

-ex: "The night was black as ever, but bright stars lit up the sky in beautiful and varied constellations which were sprinkled across the astronomical landscape"

Symbol

-Literary Device

-anything that stands for or represents something else

-ex: Red Octagon means stop

Motif

-Literary Device

-A recurring symbol, theme, subject or idea, reinforces literary theme

-ex: In The Great Gatsby, the green light on Daisy's dock symbolizes Gatsby's unattainable dreams

Pastoral Poetry

-Idealized view of country life

-Christopher Marlowe wrote these poems

SOAPSTone

Speaker, Occasion, Audience, Purpose, Subject, Tone