Block 4 - The Cranium

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99 Terms

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8

How many bones are in the neurocranium?

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Parietal Bone

Identify A.

<p>Identify A.</p>
3
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Frontal Bone

Identify B.

<p>Identify B.</p>
4
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Lambdoid Suture

Identify A.

<p>Identify A.</p>
5
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Occipital Bone

Identify B.

<p>Identify B.</p>
6
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Superior Nuchal Line

Identify C.

<p>Identify C.</p>
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External Occipital Protuberance

Identify D.

<p>Identify D.</p>
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Occipital Condyle

Identify E.

<p>Identify E.</p>
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Mastoid Process

Identify F.

<p>Identify F.</p>
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Parietal Bone

Identify G.

<p>Identify G.</p>
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Sagittal Suture

Identify H.

<p>Identify H.</p>
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Coronal Suture

Identify A.

<p>Identify A.</p>
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Parietal Bone

Identify B.

<p>Identify B.</p>
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Temporal Bone

Identify C.

<p>Identify C.</p>
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Lamboid Suture

Identify D.

<p>Identify D.</p>
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Squamous Suture

Identify E.

<p>Identify E.</p>
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Occipital Bone

Identify F.

<p>Identify F.</p>
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Zygomatic Process

Identify G.

<p>Identify G.</p>
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Occipitomastoid Suture

Identify H.

<p>Identify H.</p>
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External Auditory Meatus

Identify I.

<p>Identify I.</p>
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Mastoid Process

Identify J.

<p>Identify J.</p>
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Styloid Process

Identify K.

<p>Identify K.</p>
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Sphenoid Bone

Identify L.

<p>Identify L.</p>
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Frontal Bone

Identify M.

<p>Identify M.</p>
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Coronal Suture

Identify A.

<p>Identify A.</p>
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Sagittal Suture

Identify B.

<p>Identify B.</p>
27
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Lambdoid Suture

Identify C.

<p>Identify C.</p>
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Sagittal Suture

Identify A.

<p>Identify A.</p>
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Lambdoid Suture

Identify B.

<p>Identify B.</p>
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Flexible Fibrous Joints

What are sutures in a newborn infant?

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Anterior Fontanelle

Should close by the age of 2

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Anterior Fontanelle

Identify A.

<p>Identify A.</p>
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Posterior Fontanelle

Should close by about 3-4 months of age

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Posterior Fontanelle

Identify B.

<p>Identify B.</p>
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Coronal Suture

Identify C.

<p>Identify C.</p>
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Lambdoid Suture

Identify D.

<p>Identify D.</p>
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Anterior Fontanelle

Identify A.

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Metopic Suture

Identify B.

<p>Identify B.</p>
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Craniosynostosis

- Premature closure of cranial suture(s) causes abnormal head shape as the brain grows unevenly

- Can be part of various genetic syndromes (~20%)

<p>- Premature closure of cranial suture(s) causes abnormal head shape as the brain grows unevenly</p><p>- Can be part of various genetic syndromes (~20%)</p>
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Median Longitudinal Fissure

What are the 2 cerebral hemispheres separated by?

<p>What are the 2 cerebral hemispheres separated by?</p>
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Central Sulcus

Identify A.

<p>Identify A.</p>
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Frontal Lobe

Identify B.

<p>Identify B.</p>
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Temporal Lobe

Identify C.

<p>Identify C.</p>
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Parietal Lobe

Identify D.

<p>Identify D.</p>
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lateral Sulcus

Identify E.

<p>Identify E.</p>
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Occipital Lobe

Identify F.

<p>Identify F.</p>
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Parieto-Occipital Notch

Identify G.

<p>Identify G.</p>
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The Insula - Lobe #5

Identify.

<p>Identify.</p>
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Medulla

Identify A.

<p>Identify A.</p>
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Midbrain

Identify B.

<p>Identify B.</p>
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Pons

Identify C.

<p>Identify C.</p>
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Dura Mater

Identify A.

<p>Identify A.</p>
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Arachnoid Mater

Identify B.

<p>Identify B.</p>
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Dural Fold

Identify C.

<p>Identify C.</p>
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Pia Mater

Identify D.

<p>Identify D.</p>
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Bacterial Meningitis

- Bacterial infection of meninges

- Symptoms: rigid neck/back, nausea/vomiting, photophobia, irritability, bulging fontanelle, abducens nerve palsy, fever, coma

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Falx Cerebri

Between the 2 cerebral hemispheres

<p>Between the 2 cerebral hemispheres</p>
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Tentorium Cerebelli

Between the cerebrum and cerebellum

<p>Between the cerebrum and cerebellum</p>
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Falx Cerebelli

Between the cerebellar hemispheres

<p>Between the cerebellar hemispheres</p>
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Epidural Hematoma

- Accumulation of blood in the epidural space (between the dura mater and the skull)

- Decreased consciousness, contusion, dilated/fixed pupil(s), coma, death (~25%)

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Arterial laceration - middle meningeal artery from skull fracture

What are causes of an epidural hematoma?

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Osmotic diuretic, surgical evacuation through burr hole/craniotomy

What are treatments for an epidural hematoma?

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Subdural Hematoma

- Accumulation of blood in subdural space- frequently leads to brain damage

- Altered consciousness, dilated/nonreactive pupil, coma, death (~60% of cases)

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Rupture of vein running from brain to dura, often along sagittal sinus/anterior temporal lobe

What are the causes of a subdural hematoma?

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- Mannitol-osmotic diuretic

- Surgical evacuation through burr hols/craniotomy

What are the treatments of a subdural hematoma?

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Anterior Cranial Fossa

Identify A.

<p>Identify A.</p>
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Middle Cranial Fossa

Identify B.

<p>Identify B.</p>
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Posterior Cranial Fossa

Identify C.

<p>Identify C.</p>
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Crista Galli

Attachment of falx cerebri

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Lesser Wing of Sphenoid

Attachment of tentorium cerebelli

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Crista Galli

Identify A.

<p>Identify A.</p>
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Orbital Plate of Frontal Bone

Identify B.

<p>Identify B.</p>
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Cribriform Plate of Ethmoid

Identify C.

<p>Identify C.</p>
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Lesser Wing of Sphenoid

Identify D.

<p>Identify D.</p>
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Olfactory Nerve Foramina

Identify E.

<p>Identify E.</p>
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Cranial Nerve II

Goes through optic canal in lesser wing of sphenoid

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Cranial Nerve 1 Tract and Bulb

Identify A.

<p>Identify A.</p>
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Cranial Nerve 1 Branches

Identify B.

<p>Identify B.</p>
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Cranial Nerve 2

Identify C.

<p>Identify C.</p>
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Foramen Rotundum

Maxillary branch (V2) of trigeminal nerve exits

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Sella Turcica

Holds pituitary gland

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Foramen Ovale

Mandibular branch (V3) of trigeminal nerve exits

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Foramen Spinosum

Middle meningeal artery enters

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Foramen Rotundum

Identify A.

<p>Identify A.</p>
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Sella Turcica

Identify B.

<p>Identify B.</p>
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Foramen Ovale

Identify C.

<p>Identify C.</p>
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Foramen Spinosum

Identify D.

<p>Identify D.</p>
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Cranial Nerve V

Identify A.

<p>Identify A.</p>
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Cranial Nerve VI

Identify B.

<p>Identify B.</p>
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Cranial Nerve III

Identify C.

<p>Identify C.</p>
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Cranial Nerve V1

Identify D.

<p>Identify D.</p>
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Cranial Nerve V2

Identify E.

<p>Identify E.</p>
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Cranial Nerve V3

Identify F.

<p>Identify F.</p>
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Cranial Nerve IV

Identify G.

<p>Identify G.</p>
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Superior Orbital Fissue

Space through which cranial nerves III, IV, V1, VI travel from middle cranial fossa into orbit

<p>Space through which cranial nerves III, IV, V1, VI travel from middle cranial fossa into orbit</p>
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Cranial Nerve IV

Identify A.

<p>Identify A.</p>
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Cranial Nerve III

Identify B.

<p>Identify B.</p>
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Cranial Nerve VI

Identify C.

<p>Identify C.</p>
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SLIDE 31