Chapter 4: From Periphery to Center: An American Psychology

endogenous indigenization

when a local culture or region develops its own form of psychology by developing it from within that culture

Exogenous indigenization

when a local culture or region develops its own form of psychology by importing aspects of psychologies developed elsewhere and combining them with local concepts

John Witherspoon (1723–1794)

Credited for bringing Scottish common sense realism to the U.S.

Diesm

the belief that although God designed the universe and set the clock-work in notion, he had no direct influence and didn’t intervene in the day-to-day affairs of humans

moral philosophy

the branch of philosophy that dealt with ethics and conduct

mental philosophy

the branch of philosophy that dealt with the elements and processes of the mind and how they influenced action

Jonathan Edwards (1703–1758)

Articulated a religious psychology that characterize the soul and inseparable unity of understanding, will, and affections

George Whitefield (1714–1770) and John Wesley (1703- 1791)

Led the methods of revivalism in America, which involved openness to deep and profound religious experiences often manifested and direct physical demonstrations

Shout tradition

Signs of grace and conversion often being acted out physically

Franz Anton Mesmer (1734–1805)

Founder of mesmerism; Jew upon influences of various physical forces—stars, plates, magnets—to understand health and disease based upon the balance of bodily fluids

New Thought (Phineas P. Quimby (1802–1866))

Consisted of an intense empathy with another person so that one could see the false belief (about disease) that could be the true cause of illness; the belief and the person will experience healing

Child study movement (G. Stanley Hall)

Began in the 70s physicians, parents, educators, and social workers to better understand how children learn

Henry Herbert Goddard (1866–1957)

Worked with whildren who were developmentally delayed and brought the first test to measure intelligence to the U.S. from France

Lewis Terman (18 77–1956)

Revised the Binet test brought back, which became the Stanford-Binet tests of intelligence

Lighter Witmer (1867–1956)

Offered services to help school children with learning problems, which he referred to as clinical psychology

Lillian Moller Gilbreth (1878–1972)

Argued that it was necessary to change the work conditions to better fit the worker, and I humans right machines and that personality and motivational factors has to be taken into consideration when designing work places and improving output