Chemistry experience one

Matter

anything that has mass and occupies space

Atoms

the fundamental building blocks of matter

element

the simplest form of matter that has a characteristic set of properties

chemical symbol

one or two letters representing an element (ex: hydrogen (H))

marbles

represents atoms (size and color represent an atom of a specific element)

molecules

when two or more atoms combine

chemical bonds

what holds molecules together

molecular models

show how bonded atoms can be represented as joined spheres

chemical formula

symbols for the elements are combined to show how many atoms of each element make up a molecule of a substance (ex: CO2)

Binding force

a chemical bond is a strong force of attraction that holds two atoms together (can be represented by a line)

state of matter

(solid, liquid, gas) is determined by the attractive forces that hold the particles together and the motions of the particles

water vapor

the molecules are not held together by attractive forces, they are far apart and move freely

water

the molecules are held close together by attractive forces, but the molecules can still move around

ice

the molecules are locked in a fixed pattern by attractive forces, but the molecules still vibrate back and forth

energy

the capacity to move, do work, change matter, or produce heat

kinetic energy

the energy that matter has because of its motion (atoms have kinetic energy, they are constantly moving even in solids)

thermal energy

the total kinetic energy of all the particles that make up the matter

potential energy

the stored energy in matter due to its position relative to other matter (two oppositely charged particles have potential energy, when close enough together they attract)

chemical potential energy

the energy stored in the chemical bonds that hold atoms together; it can be released or absorbed during a chemical process

system

a portion of the universe that a scientist identifies for study

surroundings

everything around a system

macroscopic properties change when

the energy of matter changes

macroscopic property

a characteristic that is large enough to see, handle, or measure without magnification (ex: melting point - solid to liquid)w

what is not matter

light

intensive property

the amount of matter is insignificant (ex: density, boiling point, atomic mass)

extensive property

the amount of matter is significant (ex: mass, length, volume)

how can energy enter/exit a system

heat