Blood Bank Exam 1: Introduction to Everyday Testing and Blood Components

carbohydrate antigens on RBC

A, B, H

protein antigens on RBC

RhD

antigens are produced by

alleles at a single locus

antibodies are produced to antigens which the person

does not posess

antibodies are sometimes able to tell us

dosage

how to antibodies tell us dosage

single and double dose of antibodies depending on if the person is homozygous for a gene or heterozygous

if someone has a single dose, they are

heterozygous

if someone has a double dose they are

homozygous

AABB is

association for the advancement of blood and biotherapies

CAP is

college of american pathologists

FDA is

food and drug administration

CLIA is

clinical and laboratory improvement act

CFR is

code of federal regulation

TJC is

the joint commission

what do you need to fulfill a request for transfusion

oral, electronic, or written documentation of the request

2 unique patient identifiers

blood product request

special requests

ordering physician

what is the cause of most fatal HTRs

patient misidentification or specimen labeling errors

what are the most common acceptable patient identifiers

first and last name

MRN

DOB

if there is any doubt as to who a specimen belongs to, what should you do?

draw a new sample

common testing for blood bank

ABO group

RhD group- IS only

compare this with patient history to confirm match

antibody screen

in an ABO group this is the basic methedology

one drop of PT RBC

one drop of Anti-A, Anti-B

two drops of patient plasma

one drop of A cells, B cells

Rh testing is this basic methodology

one drop PT RBC

one drop Anti-D

what is the purpose of forward typing

determine which antigens are present on the RBC

what is the purpose of reverse typing

determine which antibodies are present in the plasma/serum

what is the policy if a patient does not have history but needs a transfusion to make sure that the typing matches

draw the patient twice and type/screen twice to compare and make sure the same result is gotten

goals of an antibody screen

detect as many clinically significant Ab as possible

detect as few clinically insignificant Ab as possible

complete in a timely manner

characteristics of clinically significant Ab (usually)

reactive at 37 degrees or IAT

types of antibody detection methods

test tube (what we do in lab)

gel

solid phase

automated

indirect antiglobulin tests are used to detect

IgG antibodies

IAT procedure

make 3-5% suspension

add plasma

incubate at 37 degrees

wash 4 times

add AHG

spin, read, and record

for negative results, add check cells to make sure valid

application of IAT

antibody detection and identification

compatibility testing

antigen typing

what needs to be verified in a patients history if we have access

ABO and Rh type

presence of antibodies

special blood requirements

basic rules to remember about prescribing a blood product

always provide ABO RhD specific when possible

group O people have anti-a and anti-b Ab

group O people can only get group O RBC

group O people can get any kind of plasma

group AB people have no ABO Ab

group AB have both A and B antigens on RBC

if you dont know the group, go universal