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Central Nervous System
Brain and Spinal Cord
Peripheral nervous system
feeds information into your brain from most of your senses. It carries signals that allow you to move your muscles.
Autonomic nervous system
-Holds the sympathetic and parasympathetic
-acts largely unconsciously and regulates bodily functions such as heart rate, digestion, respiratory rate, pupillary response, urination, and sexual arousal
Sympathetic nervous system
a network of nerves that helps your body activate its “fight-or-flight” response
Parasympathetic nervous system
a network of nerves that relaxes your body after periods of stress or danger. It also helps run life-sustaining processes, like digestion
Somatic nervous system
the division of the peripheral nervous system that processes incoming sensory information and controls our voluntary movements
Nuerons
a nerve cell that is the basic building block of the nervous system
Gilal Cells
non-neuronal cells in the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system that support and protect neurons
Reflex arc
the pathway that a reflex takes in the body
sensory neurons
the nerves responsible for sensing a stimulus
motor neurons
the nerves responsible for carrying signals away from the central nervous system in order to initiate an action
interneurons
a type of neuron that connect other neurons within the central nervous system.
nueral transmission
when a neuron is activated, or fired (sends out an electrical impulse). Activation (firing) of the neuron takes place when the neuron is stimulated by pressure, heat, light, or chemical information from other cells
action potential
occurs when a neuron transmits an electrical charge down its axon, which terminates in the release of chemical signals in the form of neurotransmitters
All-Or-Nothing principal
neurons will either transmit an impulse over the synapse to the next neuron completely or not at all.
Depolarization
when there's a shift in a neuron's electrical charge that allows an action potential (nerve impulse) to occur
Refractory Period
a period immediately following stimulation during which a nerve or muscle is unresponsive to further stimulation
Resting Potential
When a neuron is resting
Reuptake
the process by which neurotransmitter molecules that have been released at a synapse are reabsorbed by the presynaptic neuron that released them
Threshold
the minimum level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse.
Multiple Scelerosis
This disease damages myelin sheaths
Myasthenia Gravis
An incurable autoimmune disease, myasthenia gravis causes severe muscle weakness and fatigue
Excitatory neutrotransmitters
Describes a neurotransmitter that causes a postsynaptic neuron to propagate more action potentials
inhibitory neutrotransmitters
a neurotransmitter that causes a postsynaptic neuron to propagate fewer action potentials
Dopamine
involved in mood, movement, attention, and learning (e/i)
Seratonin
regulates sleep, mood, appetite, and body temperature (i)
Norepinephrine
A neurotransmitter important in controlling alertness, wakefulness, mood, and attention (e)
Glutamate
an excitatory neurotransmitter that increases brain activity and plays a key role in learning and memory.
GABA
The primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the nervous system
Endorphins
produced by your brain and nervous system during times of stress or pain (i)
Substance P
neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and is associated with pain sensation. (e)
Acetylocholine (Ach)
involved in many functions including muscle stimulation, memory formation, and learning. (e)
Endocrine system
our body's chemical communication system. It operates through glands that secrete hormones through our bloodstream
Adrenaline
hormone released into the bloodstream in response to physical or mental stress like fear or injury.
Leptin
hormone produced by fat cells that signals the hypothalamus in the brain about our body fat level. (says im full)
Gherlin
hormone produced by the stomach that stimulates hunger. It's often termed the 'hunger hormone' because it increases food intake and promotes fat
Melatonin
hormone produced by the pineal gland in our brain that regulates sleep-wake cycles. It plays a crucial role in setting our internal body clock.
Oxytocin
hormone produced by the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland that plays a significant role in social bonding, sexual reproduction (love hormone)
Agonists
Drugs that mimic a particular neurotransmitter, activating the same receptors that it does
Antagonists
Drugs that block a particular neurotransmitter from activating its receptors
