Bacterial Disease - Gram Negative Bacteria Part 3

gram negative obligately anaerobic rod

Bacteroides fragilis is a...

flora of colon

Bacteroides fragilis is part of the normal...

anaerobic peritoneal infections

Bacteroides fragilis makes up 90% of...

gram negative facultative anaerobic bacillus

Yersinia pestis is a...

Fleas or direct contact

How does Yersinia pestis spread to rodents and humans?

SW USA (CA, AZ, NM, NV)

Endemic areas of Yersinia pestis

extremely

Yersinia pestis is _______________ virulent

plague

Yersinia pestis is the agent known for causing the...

Zoonotic disease

Disease transmitted or shared by animals and humans (Yersinia pestis/plague is classic example)

High fever, malaise, tachycardia, intense HA, delirium, and severe myalgias

What symptoms have a sudden onset with Yersinia pestis infection (plague)?

1. Pustule or ulcer at inoculation site

2. Axillary, inguinal, cervical lymphadenopathy (bubo)

3. Bacteremia

4. Pneumonia

What are some other common symptoms of a Yersinia pestis infection (plague) (other than those with sudden onset)?

toxic; comatose; purpuric

Bacteremia caused by the plague is rapidly ______________ and _________________, and leads to ____________ spots on the skin

1. Productive cough with blood-tinged sputum

2. Fulminant bloody frothy sputum; sepsis

3. Fatal unless treated early

Symptoms of pneumonia caused by Yersinia pestis

Travel history to endemic area, + smear and gram stain from bubo, and + blood culture

Characteristics to diagnose the plague

Streptomycin or gentamycin for 10 days and isolation of patients

Treatment for plague

gram negative comma shaped microbe

Vibrio cholera is a...

toxin

Vibrio cholera produces a _____________

Activate adenylyl cyclase in epithelial cells of small intestine leading to the hypersecretion of water and chlorine ions

What does the Vibrio cholera toxin do?

Contaminated food or water

How is Vibrio cholera contracted?

War, overcrowding, famine, and inadequate sanitation

When do Vibrio cholera epidemics occur?

Sudden onset of "rice water" diarrhea (gray and turbid)

What is the classic symptoms of a Vibrio cholera infection?

gram negative helix-shaped bacterium

Helicobacter pylori is a...

85

____________% of individuals with H. pylori never experience symptoms

Acute/chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, and possibly stomach cancer

What can H. pylori cause?

Blood test and biopsy

How is H. pylori diagnosed?

gram negative facultative anaerobic non-spore forming rod

Enterobacter is a...

Enterococcus aerogenes and Enterobacter cloacae

What are two types of Enterobacter?

Klebsiella aerogenes

Enterobacter aerogenes name has been changed to?

Opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients

Main thing to note for Enterobacter

Urinary and respiratory tracts (mechanical ventilator patients)

What are the most common sites of infection with Enterobacter in immunocompromised patients?

gram negative spiral shaped bacillus

Campylobacter is a...

Dairy cattle and poultry (chickens)

What serve as a reservoir for campylobacter?

Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter fetus

What are two types of Campylobacter?

Gastroenteritis

Common symptom of Campylobacter jejuni

systemic

Campylobacter fetus typically causes ______________ infections that can be fatal

Bacteremia, endocarditis, meningitis, and focal abscesses

Systemic infections caused by Campylobacter fetus

Elderly, debilitated, or immunocompromised

What populations are most at risk for Campylobacter fetus infections?

gram negative facultative anaerobic bacillus

Serratia is a...

nosocomial

Serratia is the cause of 2% of ______________ infections

Bloodstream, lower respiratory tract, urinary tract, surgical wounds, and skin and soft tissues in adults

Common nosocomial Serratia infections

Serratia marcescens

Most common species of Serratia

Red pigment

What distinguishes Serratia marcescens?

Catheter associated bacteremia, UTIs, eye infections, and wound infections

What does Serratia marcescens typically cause?

Endocarditis and osteomyelitis

What are common symptoms of Serratia marcescens in IV drug users?