The Living World - Biology Lecture Review

These flashcards cover essential concepts of the living world as outlined in the biology lecture, including growth, metabolism, cellular organization, and the classification of organisms.

What is growth in living organisms?

Growth is the process resulting in an increase in the mass and number of cells.

How do multicellular organisms grow?

Multicellular organisms grow by means of cell division.

Do non-living things exhibit growth?

Yes, non-living things like mountains and boulders can grow by the accumulation of materials, but this does not categorize them as living.

What is metabolism?

Metabolism is the sum total of all biochemical reactions occurring in a living organism to convert chemicals into biomolecules.

Which organisms exhibit metabolism?

All living organisms, including plants, animals, and microbes, exhibit metabolism.

What is cellular organization?

Cellular organization is a defining characteristic of living organisms, indicating they are made up of cells.

How do living organisms respond to stimuli?

Living organisms respond to environmental stimuli, which can be biological, physical, or chemical.

What is the significance of reproduction in living organisms?

Reproduction is the process of producing offspring similar to the parents, a key characteristic of living organisms.

What are the two main processes of metabolism?

The two main processes are anabolism, which builds complex molecules, and catabolism, which breaks down complex molecules.

What is binomial nomenclature?

Binomial nomenclature is a two-part naming system for organisms, consisting of the genus name and the species name.

Who is known as the Father of Taxonomy?

Carolus Linnaeus is known as the Father of Taxonomy.

What is a species?

A species is a group of interbreeding individuals that are reproductively isolated from other such groups.

What does the taxonomic hierarchy include?

The taxonomic hierarchy includes kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.

What is the purpose of a herbarium?

A herbarium is a collection of preserved plant specimens used for identification and research.

How do biological names indicate their origin?

Biological names are generally in Latin and written in italics, with the genus capitalized and the species in lowercase.

What is the main function of botanical gardens?

Botanical gardens cultivate and preserve a wide range of plant species for education and research.

What is the difference between taxonomy and systematics?

Taxonomy is the classification and naming of organisms, while systematics includes evolutionary relationships and classification.

What are keys in taxonomy?

Keys are devices used to identify species based on dissimilarities among organisms.

What defines consciousness in living beings?

Consciousness refers to the ability of living organisms to sense their environment and respond to stimuli.

What are some examples of organisms that do not reproduce?

Examples include mules and sterile worker bees.

What is the role of DNA in living organisms?

DNA is responsible for the expression of specific traits and the inheritance of genetic information.

What is significant about the complexity of biological organization?

The complexity of biological organization allows for self-replication, evolution, and response to external stimuli.

Which codex dictates the naming of plants and animals?

The International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN) for plants and the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) for animals.

What is anabolism?

Anabolism is the process of synthesizing complex molecules from simpler ones.

What is catabolism?

Catabolism is the process of breaking down complex molecules into simpler ones.