Obesity and Nutrition

Leptin tells the brain…

I am full

Ghrelin tells the brain

I am hungry

What increases insulin after meals

Incretins

What improves insulin sensitivity

Adiponectin

Leptin levels in obesity are usually

high but resistant

Most dangerous obesity

Visceral (central) obesity

Brown fat function

produces heat

What happens first during fasting? The body uses….

glycogen

During proglonged fasting, the body uses fat and makes…

ketones

Refeeding syndrome causes

rapid drop in phosphate

What BMI is considered obese

30kg or higher

What type of fat increases inflammation, insulin resistance, and heart disease risk and considered dangerous?

Visceral fat

Subcutaneous fat is located where?

Under the skin

Adipose tissue is considered what type of organ

endocrine organ

Hormones released by fat cells are called

adipokines

Leptin is produced by

fat cells

Why doesn’t leptin work well in obesity? What kind of resistance is it

leptin resistance

Leptin levels in obesity are high or low

high

The brain doesn’t respond to leptin’s satiety signal is called

leptin resistance

Where is ghrelin produced

stomach

When does ghrelin increase

before meals

What happens to ghrelin after eating

decreased

Main incretin hormone

2

GLP-1 and GIP

What increases insulin release after meals

Incretin

Slows stomach emptying and decreases appetite

GLP1

GLP1 medications help treat

type 2 diabetes

obesity

Adiponectin is produced by

fat cells

What does adiponectin do

improves insulin sensitivity

Adiponectin levels in obesity are high or low

low

Fat build up in organs where it doesn’t belong

lipotoxicity

Organs commonly affected by lipotoxicity

4

liver

pancreas

heart

muscle

brown fat contains large amounts of

mitochondria

who has the most brown fat

infants

white fat that can act like brown fat is called

beige fat

Alternative fuel made from fat

ketone bodies