HTHS 1110 Exam 1 Weber State

+2
+1
0
-1
-2

+1

similar chemical proprties

the same number of electrons

thc same number of neutrons

the same number of protons

the same stuffed rabbit (fomite)

similar chemical proprties

0
1
2
3
6

1

-2
-1
0
1
2

2

1.0
2.6
3.2
4.0

2.6

0
1
2
6
7
9

1

fluorine

hydrogen

krypton
potassium

potassium

cadmium

calcium

krypton

potassium

potassium

Which of the following correctly lists the noble gases?

C, Sit Gc. Sn, Pb

E Cl. Br. I, At

H. Li. Na. K. Rb. cs. Fr

He, Ne. Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn

N. P, As. Sb, Bi

He, Ne. Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn

Which of these isotopes is the rnost common form of carbon?

12C
13C
14C

12C

11Na
22Na
22.989Na
23Na
34Na

23Na

Entropy refers to the amount of _____ in a system.
disorder

heat

kinetic energy

motion

potential energy

disorder

Of the following list, the easiest bond to break would be:

double covalent bond

hydrogen

ionic bond

single covalent bond

triple covalent bond

hydrogen

What type of bond is illustrated here?

hydrogen bond

ionic bond

non-polar covalent bond

polar covalent bond

ionic bond

This reaction is:

endotherrnic or endergonic

exothermic or exergonic

kinetic

potential

endotherrnic or endergonic

-

+

s-

s+

s-

-

+

s-

s+

s+

1 gram

26.98 grams

39.95 grams

6.02 x 10^23 grams

26.98 grams

22.99 grams

35.45 grams

58.44 grams

6.02 x 10^23 grams

58.44 grams

1 gram

26.98 grams

39.95 grams

6.02 x 10^23 grams

39.95 grams

amino

carboxyl
methyl

phenyl

methyl

acid-base reaction

burning of hydrogen gas

dehydration synthesis

hydrolysis

dehydration synthesis

A
B
C
D

B

What is the functional group shown here?

alcohol

amine (amino)

carboxylic acid (carboxyl)

ether

amine (amino)

What element. one of the four most commonly found elements in organic molecules. is depicted here in blue?

carbon

nitrogen

oxygen

phospiwrus

sulfur

nitrogen

What is the functional group shown here?
alcohol

amine (amino)

carboxylic acid (carboxyl)

ether

carboxylic acid (carboxyl)

The functional group (-C6H5) shown here as a ring in the blue shaded box is named:

alcohol

ester

ketone
phenyl

phenyl

What of molecule is depicted here?

alcohol

amino acid

fatty acid

ketone

amino acid

The -R groups (blue boxes) Of the amino acids shown here are classified as:

acidic
basic

non-polar

uncharged

basic

The -R groups (blue boxes) of the amino acids shown here are classified as:

acidic
basic

non- polar

uncharged

acidic

The amino acid shown at left is with the addition of the ring structure shown in the blue box at right. The resulting amino acid is called:

asparagine

glycine

leucine

phenylalanine

phenylalanine

This diagram shows the important signaling protein insulin. What are the coiled structures called?

a-helices

ß-oleated sheets

heme groups

hydrogen bonds
peptide bonds

a-helices

This image shows a sucrose pore formed by yellow flat arrows arranged in such a way that they let sucrose molecules into the bacterial cell membrane, What are these flat arrows on this protein image called?

a-helices

ß-pleated sheets

heme groups

hydrogen bonds

peptide bonds

ß-pleated sheets

In this energy profile of an enzymatic reaction, what does B represent?

activation energy needed with catalyst

activation energy needed without catalyst

energy of products

energy of reactants

activatön energy needed without catayst

The functional group at left in both molecules is an example of a/an:

amino group

basic residue

carboyxlic acid group

disulfide bond

ester group

carboyxlic acid group

The red atoms in the molecules depicted here represent:

carbon

hydrogen

nitrogen
oxygen

oxygen

The molecule shown here is an eicosanoid. The curved shape of the molecule is due to the presence of many _____ in the molecule.

double bonds

nitrogens

prolines

sulfates

double bonds

The atoms labeled 1', 2, 3, 4', and 5' in the right hand figure are:
carbons

hydrogens

nitrogens

oxygens

carbons

bonds labeled phosphodiester bonds in this diagram (-P-O-C-) are:

covalent bonds

hydrogen bonds

ionic bonds

peptide bonds

covalent bonds

This molecule has two sugar-phosphate backbones (light blue) with base pairs (green, royal blue. yellow, red) which are held together by chemical bonds. What type of chemical bond holds the two strands of this molecule together?

hydrogen bonds

ionic bonds

non-polar covalent bonds

polar covalent bonds

hydrogen bonds

The molecule depicted here is:

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

anandamide

oleic acid

thymidine

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

In this phospholipid molecule. the faty acid chains are found at:
1
2
3&4
5

A mixture of water, K⁺, Na⁺, Cl^-, PO₄^–3, HCO₃^–, glycogen, proteins, and RNA would be called:

 

centrosomes

 

cytoplasm

 

cytoskeleton

 

cytosol

 

proteasomes

cytosol

Cilia and flagella are both organelles involved in cellular:

 

energy production

 

motility

 

storage and digestion

 

structure

 

synthesis

motility

These structures perform special functions in cellular growth, maintenance, and reproduction.

 

cytoplasm

 

cytoskeleton

 

cytosol

 

nucleus

 

organelles

organelles

Mitochondria:

 

generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

 

move the cell

 

oxidize organelles

 

produce proteins

 

synthesize glycolipids

generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

The "enzyme soup" enclosed by the highly-folded inner mitochondrial membrane is the:

 

crista

 

cytoplasm

 

intermembrane space

 

matrix

matrix

The terms exothermic, exergonic, and catabolic all refer to chemical reactions that:

 

create energy

 

destroy energy

 

release energy

 

require energy

release energy

The terms endothermic, endergonic, and anabolic all refer to chemical reactions that:

 

create energy

 

destroy energy

 

release energy

 

require energy

require energy

Which list contains only molecules that are reused and not altered in the process of cellular respiration?

 

acetate, FAD, NAD⁺

 

coenzyme A, FAD, NAD⁺

 

coenzyme A, glucose, pyruvate

 

glucose, pyruvate, acetate

coenzyme A, FAD, NAD⁺

In the formation of ATP, the stored energy is held in high-energy bonds between the:

 

adenine and ribose

 

adenosine and first phosphate group

 

phosphate groups

 

ribose and first phosphate group

phosphate groups

Which of the following molecules is broken into two 3-carbon sugars by the process of glycolysis?

 

ATP

 

FAD

 

glucose

 

pyruvate

glucose

Which of the following molecules involved in cellular respiration is not consumed by the process?

 

glucose

 

NADH

 

oxygen

 

pyruvate

NADH

Which list contains only molecules that are consumed in the process of cellular respiration?

 

acetate, FAD, NAD⁺

 

coenzyme A, FAD, NAD⁺

 

coenzyme A, glucose, pyruvate

 

glucose, pyruvate, acetate

glucose, pyruvate, acetate

Which of the following molecules involved in cellular respiration is not consumed by the process?

 

coenzyme A (CoA)

 

glucose

 

oxygen

 

pyruvate

coenzyme A (CoA)

Which of the following processes occurs in mitochondria?

 

digestion of unneeded proteins

 

electron transport chain

 

glycolysis

 

synthesis of protein

electron transport chain

As a result of anaerobic respiration, lactate can build up in cells, causing pain. This sensation occurs because increaded lactate causes an increase in:

 

acidity

 

alkalinity

 

solubility

 

tonicity

acidity

Which of the following molecules involved in cellular respiration has 3 carbons?

 

acetate

 

carbon dioxide

 

glucose

 

pyruvate

pyruvate

Which of the following molecules involved in cellular respiration has 3 carbons?

 

acetate

 

carbon dioxide

 

glucose

 

lactate

lactate

In the presence of oxygen, each glucose molecule produces a net of ____ ATP molecules.

 

2

 

4-6

 

20-26

 

26-38

26-38

Lactate is an end-product of:

 

aerobic respiration

 

anaerobic respiration

 

lysosomal degradation of unneeded organelles

 

protein synthesis

anaerobic respiration

Acetyl-coenzyme A formation occurs in the:

 

cytosol

 

intermembrane space

 

mitochondrial matrix

 

nucleus

 

rough endoplasmic reticulum

mitochondrial matrix

Pyruvate is an intermediate in:

 

aerobic respiration

 

free radical formation

 

lysosomal degradation of unneeded organelles

 

protein synthesis

aerobic respiration

This organelle is filled with H₂O₂, and is common in liver and kidney where it plays an important role in the breakdown of toxins.

 

centrosome

 

cilia

 

cytoskeleton

 

flagellum

 

Golgi complex

 

lysosome

 

mitochondrion

 

peroxisome

 

proteasome

 

ribosome

 

rough endoplasmic reticulum

peroxisome

By the end of the citric acid cycle, all six carbons from the original glucose molecule are "consumed" by pairing each one with oxygen to make:

 

bicarbonate

 

carbon dioxide

 

citric acid

 

pyruvate

carbon dioxide

After glycolysis, acetyl-coenzyme A formation, and the citric acid cycle, we have formed a net total of _______ per glucose molecule.

 

0 ATP

 

2 ATP

 

4 ATP

 

26-38 ATP

4 ATP

What is the location of the electron transport chain?

 

inner mitochondrial membrane

 

mitochondrial matrix

 

nucleus

 

plasma membrane

inner mitochondrial membrane

A proton gradient is critical for:

 

cellular respiration in mitochondria

 

cytoskeletal movements during mitosis

 

flagellar motility

 

processing of newly-formed proteins in the Golgi complex

cellular respiration in mitochondria

The water which is produced at the end of the electron transport chain is called:

 

alkaline water

 

heavy water

 

metabolic water

 

vitamin water

metabolic water

A cell without mitochondria (for example, a bacterial cell) can make ______ ATP molecules from each glucose molecule by glycolysis.

 

0

 

2

 

24

 

36

2

Approximately how many ATP molecules are made from one glucose molecule in the most efficient form of cellular respiration?

 

0

 

2

 

24

 

36

36

When the glycogen "tank" is full, excess carbohydrates not needed for metabolism are:

 

converted to amino acid and stored as protein

 

converted to cellulose and stored as complex carbohydrates

 

converted to cholesterol and stored as membranes

 

converted to triglycerides and stored as fat

converted to triglycerides and stored as fat

Some amino acids can be made in the body. Those that cannot, and must be obtained from the diet, are called:

 

alimentary

 

critical

 

essential

 

nutritional

essential

Triglycerides are lipid molecules in which a glycerol backbone is connected to three:

 

amino acids

 

fatty acids

 

glycogens

 

phospholipids

fatty acids

Glycogen is stored primarily in the liver and:

 

heart

 

kidney

 

pancreas

 

skeletal muscle

skeletal muscle

The structure pictured here is a:

centrosome

cilia

cytoskeleton

flagellum

Golgi complex

lysosome

mitrxhondrion

gæroxisome

proteasome

ribosome

rough endoplasmic reticulum

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

centrosome

The largest of the cytoskeletal elements is the:

 

intermediate filament

 

microfilament

 

microtubule

microtubule

Some cells increase their surface area by folding up the cell membrane into microvilli. At the core of each microvillus is a bundle of:

 

collagen

 

intermediate filaments

 

microfilaments

 

microtubules

microfilaments

Cilia and flagella have the same basic structure, with groups of ______________ running the length of the organelle in a regular pattern.

 

collagen fibers

 

intermediate filaments

 

microfilaments

 

microtubules

microtubules

The male sperm is the only human cell that possesses this organelle.

 

centrosome

 

cilia

 

cytoskeleton

 

flagellum

 

Golgi complex

 

lysosome

 

mitochondrion

 

peroxisome

 

proteasome

 

ribosome

 

rough endoplasmic reticulum

 

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

flagellum

The organelles that move inhaled particles and mucus from the deeper parts of the lung to the oropharynx are the:

 

cilia

 

flagella

 

mitochondria

 

proteasomes

 

ribosomes

cilia

The organelle depicted in this diagram is the:

centrosome

cilia

cytoskeleton

flagellum

Golgi complex

lysosome

mitrxhondrion

peroxisome

proteasome

ribosome

rough endoplasmic reticulum

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

ribosome

• Glycosylation

• Phosphorylation

• Geranylgeranylation

• Farnesylation

describe chemical modifications that are applied to:

 

carbohydrates

 

lipids

 

nucleic acids

 

proteins

proteins

This organelle is acidic, with a pH of about 5. Here, enzymes called acid hydrolases break down other organelles that are being recycled or that are no longer needed.

 

centrosome

 

cilia

 

cytoskeleton

 

flagellum

 

Golgi complex

 

lysosome

 

mitochondrion

 

peroxisome

 

proteasome

 

ribosome

 

rough endoplasmic reticulum

 

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

lysosome

A protein destined for export from the cell passes through which organelles, in order?

 

Golgi complex > rough endoplasmic reticulum > secretory vesicle

 

Golgi complex > secretory vesicle > rough endoplasmic reticulum

 

rough endoplasmic reticulum > Golgi complex > secretory vesicle

 

rough endoplasmic reticulum > secretory vesicle > Golgi complex

 

secretory vesicle > Golgi complex > rough endoplasmic reticulum

rough endoplasmic reticulum > Golgi complex > secretory vesicle

• Glycosylation

• Phosphorylation

• Geranylgeranylation

• Farnesylation

are processes that occur in the:

 

centrosome

 

cilium

 

cytoskeleton

 

flagellum

 

Golgi complex

 

lysosome

 

mitochondrion

 

peroxisome

 

proteasome

 

ribosome

 

rough endoplasmic reticulum

 

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Golgi complex

This organelle can be found free-floating, or attached to a membrane network,

 

centrosome

 

cilium

 

cytoskeleton

 

flagellum

 

Golgi complex

 

lysosome

 

mitochondrion

 

peroxisome

 

proteasome

 

ribosome

ribosome

Proteins are synthesized in the ______________________. Lipids are synthesized in the ______________________.

 

centrosome; lysosome

 

mitochondrion; peroxisome

 

proteasome; ribosome

 

rough endoplasmic reticulum; smooth endoplasmic reticulum

rough endoplasmic reticulum; smooth endoplasmic reticulum

The structure marked "I" is the:

centrosome

cilia

cytoskeleton

flagellum

Golgi complex

lysosome

mitochondrion

peroxisome

proteasome

rough endoplasmic reticulum

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Newly-synthesized proteins arrive at the _________________ face of the Golgi complex.

 

cis

 

clown

 

Mt. Rushmore

 

trans

 

ugly

cis

Organelles needed for synthesis of new molecules include:

 

cytoskeleton

 

lysosome

 

peroxisome

 

proteasome

 

rough endoplasmic reticulum

rough endoplasmic reticulum