Gross Anatomy L11

what makes up the anterior wall

pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, associated fascia

what makes up the posterior wall

scapula, subscapularis, teres major, latissimus dorsi

what makes up the medial wall

ribs 1-4, intercostal muscles, serratus anterior

what makes up the lateral wall

intertubercular sulcus, bicipital groove

what forms the floor

axillary fossa (armpit), skin and fascia

what is the apex of the pyramid

cervico-axillary canal

where is the cervico-axillary canal

between clavicle and first rib

what passes through the cervico-axillary canal

axillary artery and vein, axillary lymph nodes, brachial plexus

what skeletal muscles are in the passage between the thorax and upper limb

short head of biceps brachii, tendon of long head of biceps brachii, coracobrachialis

what is the axillary artery a continuation of

subclavian artery

where does the axillary artery extend to and from

lateral margin of first rib to inferior border of teres major

how many parts is axillary artery divided into

3, by pectoralis minor

first part of axillary artery

lateral border of first rib to medial border of pectoralis minor, superior thoracic artery

second part of axillary artery

runs posterior to pectoralis minor, thoracoacromial artery and lateral thoracic artery

what branches make up the thoracoacromial artery

clavicular, acromial, deltoid, pectoral

describe the lateral thoracic artery

descends down side of rib cage, serratus anterior and lateral aspect of the breast

third part of the axillary artery goes from where to where

lateral border of pectoralis minor to inferior border of teres major

what branches make up the third part of the axillary artery

subscapular artery, anterior circumflex humeral artery and posterior circumflex humeral artery

what are two branches off the subscapular artery

circumflex scapular artery, thoracodorsal artery

what arteries contributes to the scapular anastomosis

dorsal scapular artery, suprascapular artery, subscapular artery via circumflex scapular branch

anastomoses around the surgical neck of the humerus

connects blood from subclavian artery with that of second and third parts of axillary artery

contributing vessels to humeral surgical neck anastomoses

thoracoacromial (acromial and deltoid branches) artery, anterior circumflex humeral artery, posterior circumflex humeral artery, suprascapular artery

axillary vein is a union of what two veins

brachial and basilic veins at lateral border of first rib

what does the axillary vein continue as

subclavian vein at the lateral border of the first rib

tributaries of axillary vein

thoracoepigastric veins, cephalic vein

what are thoracoepigastric veins for

collateral venous return from femoral vein via superficial epigastric vein to axillary vein

what is the point of thoracoepigastric veins

collateral venous return, bypass in case of obstruction of superior vena cava or portal hypertension

what are the five node clusters of the axilla lymphatics

pectoral, subscapular, humeral, central, apical

steps of axilla drainage

pectoral nodes, subscapular nodes, humeral nodes, central nodes, apical nodes

where do pectoral nodes get lymph from

medial wall, anterolateral thoracic wall and breast

where do subscapular nodes get lymph from

subscapular vasculature, posterior aspect of thoracic wall and scapular region

where do humeral nodes get lymph from

lateral wall, lymph from upper lymph except for cephalic vein lymph

where does cephalic vein lymph drain

directly into apical and infraclavicular nodes

where do central nodes get lymph from

pectoral, subscapular, and humeral nodes

where do apical nodes get lymph from

apex, all other axillary nodes and lymphatic vessels accompanying cephalic vein

where does lymphatic vessels from apical nodes go

passes through cervico-axillary canal and form the subclavian lymphatic trunk, drains into left thoracic duct or unites with jugular and bronchomediastinal trunks to form right lymphatic duct

organization of brachial plexus

roots, trunks, divisions, cords, branches

what is lymphedema

impaired drainage of interstitial fluid due to damaged or absent lymphatics

what does musculocutaneous nerve innervate

coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, brachialis, skin on lateral forearm

what does median nerve innervate

most muscles in anterior forearm

what does ulnar nerve innervate

flexor carpi ulnaris, ulnar half of flexor digitorum profundus, most intrinsic hand muscles, skin over most of the hand

what does radial nerve innervate

all muscles in posterior arm, and posterior and lateral skin of the arm

what does the radial nerve divide into

superficial radial nerve and deep radial nerve

what does the axillary nerve innervate

glenohumeral joint, teres minor, deltoid muscles

what does axillary nerve terminate as

superior lateral brachial cutaneous nerve

what does the superior lateral brachial cutaneous nerve innervate

skin covering inferior part of deltoid

what does the dorsal scapular nerve innervate

rhomboids and levator scapulae

what does long thoracic nerve innervate

serratus anterior

what does first intercostal nerve innervate

not technically brachial plexus but major branch from T1

what does nerve to subclavius innervate

subclavius and sternoclavicular joint

what does suprascapular nerve innervate

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, glenohumeral joint

what does lateral pectoral nerve innervate

pectoralis minor and sternocostal part of pectoralis major

what does medial pectoral nerve innervate

pectoralis minor and sternocostal part of pectoralis major

what does medial cutaneous nerve of the arm innervate

skin on the medial side of the arm

what does medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm innervate

skin on the medial side of the forearm

what does upper subscapular nerve innervate

subscapularis

what does thoracodorsal nerve innervate

latissimus dorsi

what does lower subscapular nerve innervate

subscapularis and teres major