BIOL 101 UNC Exam 1 Review (Evans, Fall 2018) - Part One: Sample Exam Questions

The synthesis of ATP from ADP and P...

A. transfers a phosphate, priming a protein to do work

B. involves the hydrolysis of a phosphate bond

C. releases energy

D. stores energy in a form that can drive cellular work.

E. all of the choices

D. stores energy in a form that can drive cellular work

Which of these is a scientific hypothesis?

A. Laura's itchy scalp might mean she has lice

B. Researchers have observed that having lice is often associated with an itchy scalp

C. For the last three months, Laura has had an itchy scalp

D. Laura's children have alleviated their lice problem with specialized shampoo and manual removal of nits

E. Laura has never had an itchy scalp before

A. Laura's itchy scalp might mean she has lice

Which of these is NOT a polymer?

A. ATP synthase

B. DNA

C. glycogen

D. glycerol

E. chitin

D. glycerol

C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O.

Where is most of the water in this reaction produced?

A. during glycolysis

B. oxidative phosphorylation

C. during fermentation

D. in the citric acid cycle

B. oxidative phosphorylation

An individual who is hypoglycemic will respond in the following way:

A. Stimulate liver cells to increase their glycogen stores

B. Stimulate liver cells to reduce their glycogen stores

C. Stimulate alpha cells to reduce glucagon stores

D. Stimulate beta cells to release glucose

E. Stimulate liver cells to reduce their glucagon stores

B. Stimulate liver cells to reduce their glycogen stores

Which of the following steps of photosynthesis can occur in the dark?

A. incorporation of CO2 into organic molecules

B. synthesis of ATP

C. liberation of oxygen

D. synthesis of NADPH

E. transfer of electrons to photosytstem I.

A. incorporation of CO2 into organic molecules

If you wanted to compare the relative amount of cellular work being done my muscle cells at different conditions, you could measure how much ____________ the muscles consumed (used up).

A. heat

B. carbon dioxide

C. water

D. ATP synthase

E. oxygen

E. oxygen

The presence or absence of ___________ could help you distinguish whether you had a bunch of plant or animal cells in front of you.

A. nucleus

B. mitochondria

C. phospholipid bi-layer membranes

D. glycogen

E. ribosomes

D. glycogen

Which hypothesis is best supported by the data (to the right)?

A. Warmer temperatures increase the amount of mating in crickets.

B. The number of cricket chirps are correlated with temperature.

C. Crickets have a faster metabolism at higher temperatures.

D. Snowy tree crickets chirp less in warm weather than common field crickets.

E. The common field cricket prefers warm temperatures more than cold temperatures.

B. The number of cricket chirps are correlated with temperature.

Which of these statements about proteins are TRUE?

I. covalent peptide bonds join R groups together in primary structure

II. hydrogen bonds hold secondary structure together

III. for a protein to have quaternary structure it must consist of four or more polypeptides

A. I only

B. II only

C. III only

D. II and III

E. I and III

B. II only

Which of these is found in plant cells?

A. mitochondrion

B. chloroplast

C. mitochondrion and chloroplast

D. none of the above

C. mitochondrion and chloroplast

Which of these is a site where ATP synthesis occurs?

A. mitochondrion

B. chloroplast

C. mitochondrion and chloroplast

D. none of the above

C. mitochondrion and chloroplast

Which of these is found in prokaryotes?

A. mitochondrion

B. chloroplast

C. mitochondrion and chloroplast

D. none of the above

D. none of the above

If you wanted to measure the rate of glycolysis in a test tube, which of these would NOT be a useful measurement?

A. the rise of CO2

B. the rise NADH

C. the rise of ATP

D. the decrease of glucose

A. the rise of CO2

Lysomal Storage Disease (LSD) is a metabolic disorder that affects lysosomal function. Lysomal disorders are usually triggered when a particular enzyme exists in too small an amount or is missing altogether. What will happen to cells with an LSD mutation?

A. Large molecules will accumulate in the cell, eventually killing it.

B. Nutrient availability in the cytosol will decline, starving the cell

C. Endocytosis for purposes of acquiring nutrients will no longer occur

D. A and B only

E. A and C only

A. Large molecules will accumulate in the cell, eventually killing it.

Place the following in the correct order:

I. Gene regulation is stimulated

II. Hormone binds with receptor protein

III. Hormone passes through cell membrane

IV. Hormone-receptor complex attaches to site on DNA

A. I, II, III, IV

B. II, III, I, IV

C. III, I, IV, II

D. III, II, IV, I

D. III, II, IV, I

Predict what would happen to a protein if an amino acid with a neutral R-group were replaced, due to mutation, with an amino acid with a hydrophilic R-group.

A. The primary structure would be altered because the peptide bonds would fail to form

B. R groups in the protein would form hydrogen bonds, changing the secondary structure of the protein

C. The primary structure would not form because the dehydration reaction would fail to occur

D. All of the above

E. None of the above

E. none of the above

A beaker contains two solutions: 0.5% sucrose solution and a 0.1% sucrose solution. The dashed line in the middle of the beaker represents a semi-permeable membrane. You check the beaker after 30 minutes and find:

A. The level of fluid in the beaker will be higher on the side with 0.5% initial solution

B. The level of fluid in the beaker will remain the same because equilibrium has been reached

C. The level of fluid in the beaker will be higher on the side with 0.1% initial solution

D. The beaker will be warm because of the energy required to perform active transport

E. The beaker will be cold because no enzymes are present to lower activation energy

A. The level of fluid in the beaker will be higher on the side with 0.5% initial solution

Active transport across a membrane requires __________ and moves a solute ___________ its concentration gradient.

A. Transport protein; up (against)

B. Transport protein; down

C. Energy and a transport protein; up

D. Energy and a transport protein; down

E. Energy; down

C. Energy and a transport protein; up

In terms of proportion, which of the following makes more molecules of ATP available for cellular work?

A. Anaerobic respiration in a yeast cell

B. Aerobic respiration in a plant cell

C. Glycolysis in a human liver cell

D. Formation of lactic acid in a human muscle cell

E. Photosynthesis in a plant cell

B. Aerobic respiration in a plant cell

What is the source of the oxygen released into the atmosphere as a result of photosynthesis?

A. Chlorophyll

B. Carbon dioxide

C. Water and carbon dioxide

D. Water

E. Glucose

D. Water

How many molecules of water are needed to completely hydrolyze a polypeptide that is made up of 23 amino acids?

A. 11

B. 22

C. 23

D. 44

E. 45

B. 22

Fill in the blanks:

"_______________ are used to make bread because ______________ is a by-product of _______________ fermentation."

A. Anaerobic organisms; carbon dioxide; alcoholic

B. Aerobic organisms; pyruvate; lactic acid

C. Anaerobic organisms; lactate; alcoholic

D. Aerobic organisms; carbon dioxide; ethanol

E. Anaerobic organisms; ethanol, alcoholic

A. Anaerobic organisms; carbon dioxide; alcoholic

A recent storm has damaged a large oak tree growing in Sam Garcia's front yard, and the tree will need to be cut down. Sam decides they will use the wood to heat their home this winter. Where does the biomass that Sam will burn come from?

A. water

B. soil

C. air

D. sunlight

E. compost

C. air

The lipid bilayer is a thin polar membrane. Which of the following is FALSE?

A. It is made of two layers of phospholipids.

B. It is a barrier that keeps ions, proteins and other molecules from diffusing into the cell

C. Most hydrophilic molecules cannot pass through the lipid bilayer

D. The phospholipids are generally saturated molecules, increasing the membrane's permeability

E. Membrane proteins are involved in many intra- and inter-cellular signaling processes.

D. The phospholipids are generally saturated molecules, increasing the membrane's permeability

People with Type I diabetes inject themselves with insulin 2-4 times a day. Failure to inject insulin after consuming a meal will result in all of the following EXCEPT:

A. Liver and muscle cells will not receive glucose

B. Glycogen stores will increase

C. Blood glucose levels will remain elevated

D. Insulin receptors will remain inactive

E. Glucose transporters will not attach to the cell membrane

B. Glycogen stores will increase

A chemical binds to a receptor protein's active site, preventing the formation of a hormone receptor complex. This is an example of what kind of inhibition?

A. Allosteric inhibition

B. Competitive inhibition

C. Noncompetitive inhibition

D. A and B

E. A and C

B. Competitive inhibition

Water soluble and steroid hormones both ultimately change a cell's behavior by:

A. Activating or regulating a gene

B. Attaching to a receptor protein in the cell membrane

C. Forming a hormone receptor complex

D. A and B

E. B and C

A. Activating or regulating a gene

A company was testing a new pesticide they thought would help decrease the risk of transmitting fungus between crop plants. In an experiment to test the compound, a worker gave 400 corn plants a small dose of the experimental chemical and inoculated each with a type of fungus known to cause disease in corn. An additional 400 plants were given only the fungus. Of the ears of corn produced by each plant that received both the fungus and the chemical, 203 showed symptoms of the disease; of the ears of corn produced on the plants that received only the fungus, 207 showed symptoms. From this test, we can best conclude __________.

A. Nothing, because no control group was used to test the pesticide

B. That the chemical seems to have little effect on the transmission at the dosage given

C. That the chemical is 2% effective and testing on other crop plants should begin

D. Nothing, because no independent variable could be identified.

B. That the chemical seems to have little effect on the transmission at the dosage given

Photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation are similar because both:

A. Occur in animal cells and plant cells

B. Produce a concentration gradient of hydrogen ions across a membrane

C. Require an initial input of light energy to excite electrons

D. Produce water as a byproduct of phosphorylation

E. Produce oxygen as a byproduct of phosphorylation

B. Produce a concentration gradient of hydrogen ions across a membrane

In simple diffusion, small, individual molecules will travel down a concentration gradient. Bulk transport differs from simple diffusion in the following ways:

A. Many molecules can be moved simultaneously

B. Large molecules can be moved

C. Particular transport proteins are required

D. A and B

E. B and C

D. A and B

A scientist notes that an ornamental grass grown in a creek bed is taller than the same type of grass grown on the upper banks of the creek. The scientist suspects that this difference is due to water availability. This proposed explanation is a(n) __________.

A. Theory

B. Question

C. Prediction

D. Hypothesis

E. Observation

D. Hypothesis

What would be the outcome if a glucose transporter protein failed to embed in the cell membrane?

A. The individual would be hypoglycemic

B. Glucagon would be released from the pancreas

C. Blood sugar levels would remain elevated

D. Insulin levels in the blood would drop

E. All of the above

C. Blood sugar levels would remain elevated

What two types of molecules make up fats?

A. triglyceride; disaccharide

B. fatty acid; amino acid

C. cholesterol; steroid

D. Glycerol; fatty acid

E. Cellulose; glycogen

D. Glycerol; fatty acid

How does CO2 produced by a plant get transported across the cell membrane?

A. Active transport

B. Facilitated diffusion

C. Simple diffusion

D. Exocytosis

E. None of the above

C. Simple diffusion