respiratory system

respiratory system

is the set of organs that allows a person to

breathe and exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout

the body.

breathing

the simpler term for pulmonary ventilation

pulmonary ventilation

is the movement of air into and out of the lungs

inhalation

process that draws gasses in to the lungs

exhalation

process that forces gases out of the lungs

Nose

also called external nares, divides into two halves by the nasal septum.

Nasal Septum

_________ _____ where the air is warmed and cilia which is responsible for filtering out foreign bodies.

Paranasal Sinuses

This is the wall of cartilage and bone that divides your nose into two equal left and right halves.

Cilia

These are microscopic, hair-like structures that act like tiny brooms to filter out and trap "foreign bodies" like dust, pollen, or smoke

External Nares

These are the two openings that lead from the outside world into the nasal cavity. They are separated by the columella and surrounded by cartilaginous tissue called the ala

Internal Nares

These are the openings at the very back of the nasal cavity that lead into the pharynx (specifically the nasopharynx). Once air passes through these, it has officially left the nasal cavity and is headed toward the throat.

nasal conchae

(also called turbinates) are curved, scroll-like shelves of bone that project from the side walls of the nasal cavity. You typically have three pairs: superior, middle, and inferior.

pharynx

The _______ is the technical name for your throat. It serves as a high-traffic "hallway" in your body because it is a common space shared by two major systems:

Nasopharynx, pharyngeal tonsils

• Location: This is the top-most section, located directly behind the nasal cavity.

• Immune Defense: It contains the ___________ , also known as adenoids. These are vital for your immune system as they help trap and destroy pathogens (like bacteria or viruses) that you might inhale through your nose.

Oropharynx, palatine tonsils

• Location: This is the middle section, sitting at the back of the mouth (oral cavity).

• Immune Defense: It contains the __________ Like the adenoids, these aid in the body's immune defense, acting as a "checkpoint" for things entering through either the mouth or the nose.

Laryngopharynx

• Location: This is the bottom section of the throat.

• The "Fork in the Road": This is where the single "hallway" of the throat splits into two different "pipes":

  • Larynx: Leads air toward the lungs.

  • Esophagus: Leads food and liquid toward the stomach.

Larynx, nine

• Structure: It is a short, somewhat cylindrical airway that serves as the final gateway before air enters the trachea (windpipe).

• Composition: It is supported by a sturdy framework made of ____ pieces of cartilage—three individual pieces and three pairs—all held together by various ligaments and muscles.

Trachea

• Connection: The ______ connects the larynx (voice box) above to the primary bronchi below.

• Position: It is a midline structure that sits directly anterior to (in front of) the esophagus.

• Divisions: It is divided into two parts: the cervical ______ (in the neck) and the thoracic ____ (in the chest).

• The "Fork in the Road": At its bottom end, it splits into two tubes (the left and right primary bronchi) at a point called the carina. This bifurcation happens at the level of the sternal angle (the bony ridge on your chest).

cervical trachea and thoracic trachea

2 parts of the trachea

19 to 20

how many c shaped rings in the trachea