PSYCH 127A - Exam 3, Section 2 (neurodevelopmental disroders- ADHD and Autism)

neurodevelopmental disorders

emerge at birth or during early childhood, persist into adulthood (chronic).

they influence how the brain develops and lead to impairment in social, cognitive, and emotional functioning.

• must always be viewed in context of child stage of development

ADHD (attention-deficit hyperactivity dis)

• childhood disorder characterized by inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and impulsivity

• often diagnosed in early elemetarly shcool

• split into ATTENTION and HYPERACTIVITY/IMPULSIVITY symptoms

neurodevelopmental brain disorder characterized by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and/or impulsivity that interfere with daily functioning. It typically appears in childhood and can persist into adulthood, affecting focus, organization, and emotional regulation

attention symptoms (6 or more) - ADHD

for everyting, OFTEN, NOT always

1. OFTEN fails to give close attention to details, makes careless mistakes in work/activity

2. difficulty in sustaining attention in tasks/play ativitiy

3. doesn’t seem to listen when spoke to directly

4. doesn’t follow through on instructions, fails to finsih work, duites,

   1. nonoppositional, not a noncomprehension, maybe forgot?

5. difficulting organizing tasks and activities

6. avoids, dislikes tasks taht require sustained mental effort (work)

7. loses imporatnt items needed for takss school, work, home

8. easily distracted by extraneous stimuli

9. forgetful in daily actvities

Hyperactivity/ impulsivity symptoms (6 or more) - ADHD

for all, OFTEN, NOT ALWAYS

Hyperactivity

• fidget with hands or feet, squirm in chair

• leaves seat in classroom or other sit when socially expected to stay

• runs around or climbs excessviely in socially innapropriate sit

  • older kids or adults, feel restlessness (not doing it)

• talks excessviely

• on the go, acts as if driven by a motor

impulsivity

• has difficulty waiting for turn in games, group sit

• blurts out answers to Qs before Q has been completed

• interrupts or intrudes on others, butts into other chilren’s games

other ADHD criteria

• leads to impairment

• symp present <12 yeras

• evident in 2 or more settings - cross situational

• not accounted for by another disorder

Impariment - ADHD

• if diagnosed in childhood, less likely to gain college degrees,

  • more liely SUD and marriage issues

• poor social functioning

• risky bike ride

• risking driving

• workplace competency :(

statistics - ADHD

• prevalence 3-7% children worldwide

• 11.4% lifetime US children 4-17 years

• 78% comordibity

  • more ocmmon in boys

  • some suggest girls symps less likely to be disruptive, less likely to be diagnosed

• chronic , persist into adulthood

Etiology - ADHD

• biological factors

  • hertiability 0.7-0.8

    • large

  • genes taht regulate dopamine (DAT 1) and otehr dopamine genes implicated

    • not excess dopamine; sluggish dopmaine (not enough?)

    • dopamine genes help ppl feel motivated, exp reward, regaulte attention and focus