unit 6 affective communication

accuracy

(n) su chinh xac = correctness = exactness =truthfulness =precision

conjecture

(n) phong doan = guess work = assumption = estimation = inference: am chi, ngu y = speculation = supposition

dialect

(n) phuong ngu, dia phuong

mother tongue

(n) tieng me de = first/native language

means of communication

(n) phuong tien truyen thong

native speaker

(n) nguoi ban xu

incoherent

(adj) ko mach lac, ko ro rang >< coherent = consistent: nhat quan = articulate: ro rang = clear = logical = rational: manh me, chat che

inherent

(adj) von co co huu = instinctive: baam sinh = intrinsic = innate = inborn = natural = in-built

clarify

(v) lam sang to = make it clear = explain = elucidate

comprehend

(v) hieu = understand thoroughly → in comprehensive (adj) → comprehention (n): hieu biet/ toan dien

conclude

(v) ket luan = end = wrap up: khep lai = close = finish off

confirm

(v) check = ratify = vetify = fortify (cung co/ensure) → confirmation

converse

(v) nghich dao = oppose = contract = reverse

define

(v) dinh nghia = coin a term

demonstrate

(v) giai thich/chung minh = eplain = show = display = exhibit = express/prove = suppost/establish

distinguish

(v) phan biet = differentiate: phan biet doi xu = tell the difference

emerge

(v) noi len = arise = crop up = appear

evolve

(v) phat trien, tien hoa = change = progress = advance = develop = grow

signify

(v) suggest: am thi, bieu thi = imply = indicate = infer = express = gesture = demonstrate = denote

recall sb do smt/recall smt

kheu goi ra = evoke sb’s memory about smt = smt remind sb = call to mind = elicit = remember smt

refer to sb/smt

chi dan, am chi = imply

nhac den = mention to, denote, talk about

lien quan toi = relevant to

tham khao = related to

illustrate

(v) minh hoa

state a viewpoint

neu quan diem = voice our opinion = present smt

stutter

(v) noi lap = speak with hesitation = stammer

there is something to be said for

dieu gi do de noi = said to mean that smt has a lot of advantages

needless to say

ko can phai noi = obviously = apparently

have a say

co tieng noi = be involved in a decision-making

when all is said and done

khi tat ca moi thu, moi viec da xong xuoi va duoc giai quyet het

having said that

despite what has just been said; du vay, dau sao

to say the least

noi vua phai, khong qua loi, it nhat la nhu vay, ko phai cuong dieu, noi ko dieu thi

you can say that again

agree with smt

that is to say

noi chinh xac hon la

contradict

(v) mau thuan = state the opposite

profound

(adj) sau = immense: bao la