Lecture 13: Nucleosides and Nucleotides

What does ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Transcribes and translates information into proteins

Nitrogenous bases found in nucleic acids are derivatives of what?

Pyrimidines and purines

Draw adenine

Draw guanine

Draw cytosine

Draw uracil

Draw thymine

What are the two purines?

Adenine and guanine

What are the two pyrimidines?

Cytosine, uracil and thymine

All pyrimidine and purine bases absorb what?

UV light

RNA contains what type of molecule?

Ribose

DNA contains what type of molecule?

Deoxy-ribose

Nucleosides are a combination of?

Sugar and base

Nucelotides are a combination of

phosphate sugar and base

Nucleic acids are a combination of what?

Phosphate, sugar and base. With sugar connected to phosphate

Nucleosides bases is linked via?

Glycosidic bond

Carbon of glycosidic bond is

Anomeric

Most nucleotides are

Ribonucleotides

ATP is central to what?

Energy metabolism

GTP is drives what

Protein synthesis

CTP drives what?

Lipid synthesis

UTP drives what?

Carbohydrates metabolism

Transfer RNA does what?

Transport amino acids

Ribosomal RNA does what?

Combines with proteins to form ribosomes, site of protein synthesis

Messenger RNA does what?

Processes initial mRNA to its mature form in eukayrotes

Small interfering RNA

Affects gene expression

Micro RNA

Affects gene expression

Sequence is always read

5 to 3

Guanine is always connected to

Cytosine

Thymine connects to

Adenosine

G-C pairs are stabilized by

3 hydrogen bonds

A-T base pairs are stabilized by

2 hydrogen bonds

Strands run in

opposite direction

Modification of nucleic requires ability to

Hydrolyze phosphodiester bond that hold them together

Hydrolysis can be performed by

Acid/Base hydrolyssi and Enzymatic hydrolysis

Exonucleases

Start at end of polynucleotides

Endonucleases

Cleave at internal site within polynucleotide

Does type require ATP for hydrolysis or does not require ATP for hydrolysis?

Requires ATP

Does Type 1 able to methylate DNA at specific locations or does it not methylate DNA?

Able to methylate DNA at specific locations

Does Type 1 cut at random sites, cut at specific nucleotide sequences, and cuts at specific sites?

Cut at random sites

Does type 3 require ATP for hydrolysis or does not require ATP for hydrolysis?

Requires ATP

Does Type 3 able to methylate DNA at specific locations or does not methylate DNA

Able to methylate DNA at specific locations

Does type 3 cut at random sites, cuts at specific nucleotide sequences and cuts at specific sites?

Cuts at specific nucleotide sequences

Does type 2 require ATP for hydrolysis or not?

Does not require ATP for hydrolysis

Does type 2 able to methylate DNA at specific location or does not methylate DNA?

Does not methylate

Does Type 2 cut at random sites, cut at specific nucleotide sequences, and cuts at specific sites?

Cuts at specific sites