Lecture 13: Nucleosides and Nucleotides
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46 Terms
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What does ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Transcribes and translates information into proteins
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Nitrogenous bases found in nucleic acids are derivatives of what?
Pyrimidines and purines
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Draw adenine
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Draw guanine
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Draw cytosine
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Draw uracil
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Draw thymine
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What are the two purines?
Adenine and guanine
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What are the two pyrimidines?
Cytosine, uracil and thymine
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All pyrimidine and purine bases absorb what?
UV light
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RNA contains what type of molecule?
Ribose
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DNA contains what type of molecule?
Deoxy-ribose
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Nucleosides are a combination of?
Sugar and base
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Nucelotides are a combination of
phosphate sugar and base
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Nucleic acids are a combination of what?
Phosphate, sugar and base. With sugar connected to phosphate
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Nucleosides bases is linked via?
Glycosidic bond
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Carbon of glycosidic bond is
Anomeric
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Most nucleotides are
Ribonucleotides
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ATP is central to what?
Energy metabolism
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GTP is drives what
Protein synthesis
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CTP drives what?
Lipid synthesis
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UTP drives what?
Carbohydrates metabolism
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Transfer RNA does what?
Transport amino acids
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Ribosomal RNA does what?
Combines with proteins to form ribosomes, site of protein synthesis
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Messenger RNA does what?
Processes initial mRNA to its mature form in eukayrotes
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Small interfering RNA
Affects gene expression
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Micro RNA
Affects gene expression
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Sequence is always read
5 to 3
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Guanine is always connected to
Cytosine
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Thymine connects to
Adenosine
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G-C pairs are stabilized by
3 hydrogen bonds
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A-T base pairs are stabilized by
2 hydrogen bonds
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Strands run in
opposite direction
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Modification of nucleic requires ability to
Hydrolyze phosphodiester bond that hold them together
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Hydrolysis can be performed by
Acid/Base hydrolyssi and Enzymatic hydrolysis
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Exonucleases
Start at end of polynucleotides
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Endonucleases
Cleave at internal site within polynucleotide
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Does type require ATP for hydrolysis or does not require ATP for hydrolysis?
Requires ATP
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Does Type 1 able to methylate DNA at specific locations or does it not methylate DNA?
Able to methylate DNA at specific locations
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Does Type 1 cut at random sites, cut at specific nucleotide sequences, and cuts at specific sites?
Cut at random sites
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Does type 3 require ATP for hydrolysis or does not require ATP for hydrolysis?
Requires ATP
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Does Type 3 able to methylate DNA at specific locations or does not methylate DNA
Able to methylate DNA at specific locations
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Does type 3 cut at random sites, cuts at specific nucleotide sequences and cuts at specific sites?
Cuts at specific nucleotide sequences
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Does type 2 require ATP for hydrolysis or not?
Does not require ATP for hydrolysis
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Does type 2 able to methylate DNA at specific location or does not methylate DNA?
Does not methylate
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Does Type 2 cut at random sites, cut at specific nucleotide sequences, and cuts at specific sites?
Cuts at specific sites