Lecture 3 - Cycloalkanes and their Stereochemistry Rev CME 2024

Cycloalkanes

Saturated cyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula CnH2n.

Skeletal drawings

A way to represent cycloalkanes visually.

Boiling Point

The temperature at which a substance transitions from liquid to gas.

Melting Point

The temperature at which a substance transitions from solid to liquid.

Density

The mass per unit volume of a substance, typically expressed in g/ml.

IUPAC naming

The systematic method for naming organic chemical compounds.

Substituents

Atoms or groups of atoms that replace hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon.

Cis-Trans Isomerism

A type of stereoisomerism where compounds differ in the arrangement of groups around a double bond or ring.

Stereoisomerism

Compounds with the same molecular formula and connectivity but different spatial arrangements.

Stereochemistry

The study of the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in molecules.

Ring Strain

The strain in a cyclic compound due to bond angle deviations from ideal values.

Angle Strain

Strain resulting from bond angles being forced to deviate from their ideal values.

Torsional Strain

Strain caused by eclipsing interactions between atoms in a molecule.

Steric Strain

Strain resulting from repulsive interactions when atoms are too close to each other.

Chair Conformation

A strain-free, three-dimensional shape of cyclohexane.

Axial Positions

Positions of substituents on a cyclohexane ring that are perpendicular to the ring.

Equatorial Positions

Positions of substituents on a cyclohexane ring that are near the plane of the ring.

Ring-flip

The process of interconverting between chair conformations in cyclohexane.

1,3-Diaxial Interactions

Steric strain caused by axial substituents interacting with axial hydrogens on the same side of the ring.

Gauche Butane Interactions

Steric interactions between substituents in a staggered conformation that affect stability.

Cis-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane

A cyclohexane derivative with two methyl groups on the same face of the ring.

Trans-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane

A cyclohexane derivative with two methyl groups on opposite faces of the ring.

Cyclohexane

A cyclic version of hexane, a colorless liquid with a mild odor, used as a non-polar solvent.

Boat Conformation

A conformation of cyclohexane resembling a boat, with eclipsing interactions.