ANT100 MC

1. What was a key function of anthropology during colonial rule? A. To encourage multiculturalism B. To classify and understand the colonized populations C. To challenge Western ideologies D. To support anti-colonial movements

B

2. Which of the following is NOT one of the four fields of anthropology? A. Archaeology B. Biological anthropology C. Cultural anthropology D. Psychological anthropology

D

3. What does the concept of liminality in ritual practices refer to? A. The final stage of a ritual B. The ordinary and everyday world C. The threshold between one state and another D. The sacred becoming profane

C

4. What does the Whorf Hypothesis propose? A. All languages derive from a single root B. Language has no effect on thought C. Language influences how we think and perceive reality D. Language is biologically inherited and fixed

C

5. What distinguishes an icon from a symbol in semiotics? A. Icons are abstract while symbols are direct B. Icons share physical resemblance to their referent C. Symbols are used only in religious contexts D. Icons are always linguistic signs

B

6. Which concept explains how people perceive cultural signs differently based on their context? A. Semiotic universality B. Cultural materialism C. Indirect ethnography D. Structural determinism

C

7. What is a primary critique of early anthropology as used in colonial settings? A. It ignored scientific methods B. It promoted religious conversion C. It served to legitimize colonial rule D. It lacked theoretical frameworks

C

8. Which field of anthropology focuses on material remains of past cultures? A. Cultural anthropology B. Linguistic anthropology C. Archaeology D. Biological anthropology

C

9. According to Lacan, in which stage does the child begin to recognize themselves as separate through images? A. Real B. Symbolic C. Imaginary D. Mimetic

C

10. What does the symbolic stage in Lacanian theory emphasize? A. Instinctive signs like crying B. Recognition of images in mirrors C. Use of language and social norms D. Physical maturation

C

11. The one drop rule is an example of what type of social categorization? A. Biological essentialism B. Legal relativism C. Racialization D. Ethnic assimilation

C

12. Which economic system is characterized by egalitarian structures and minimal surplus production? A. Horticulture B. Pastoralism C. Foraging D. Agriculture

C

13. In semiotics, what is the relationship between a signifier and signified? A. They both refer to the physical form of a word B. They are interchangeable in meaning C. They together make up the sign D. They describe the moral value of a sign

C

14. What is the primary focus of cultural relativism? A. To compare cultures scientifically B. To evaluate cultures through Western values C. To understand cultures within their own context D. To promote assimilation

C

15. Which group did Malinowski study for kinship and matrilineality? A. Yanomami B. Inuit C. Trobriand Islanders D. Wendat

C

16. In which kinship system do children belong to their mother’s lineage? A. Bilateral B. Matrilineal C. Patrilineal D. Avuncular

B

17. Which concept refers to a symbolic boundary that distinguishes cultural insiders from outsiders? A. Bordering B. Ethnoscape C. Iconicity D. Language acquisition

A

18. Which concept in anthropology deals with the relationship between genetics and social constructs of race? A. Haplogroup theory B. Ethnogenesis C. Biological determinism D. Social construction of race

D

19. Which anthropologist is associated with the idea of imagined communities? A. Michel Foucault B. Victor Turner C. Benedict Anderson D. Nancy Scheper-Hughes

C

20. Which type of anthropology focuses on language as a cultural resource? A. Cultural anthropology B. Biological anthropology C. Archaeology D. Linguistic anthropology

D

21. What term refers to a religious or spiritual object that connects material and divine realms? A. Secular B. Liminal C. Symbolic D. Iconic

B

22. Which economic system is most associated with the emergence of social classes and wage labor? A. Feudalism B. Pastoralism C. Industrialism D. Horticulture

C

23. What does jus soli mean in the context of citizenship? A. Law of the soil (citizenship by place of birth) B. Law of descent C. Law of merit D. Law of blood

A

24. Which of these is considered a cultural universal? A. Monogamy B. Language C. Capitalism D. Race

B

25. Who developed the concept of the 'symbolic' stage in child development? A. Michel Foucault B. Noam Chomsky C. Jacques Lacan D. Clifford Geertz

C

26. What is the main purpose of gift exchange in non-capitalist societies? A. To preserve wealth B. To build and maintain relationships C. To enforce laws D. To replace market systems

B

27. In linguistic anthropology, what does language ideology refer to? A. Pronunciation patterns B. Grammar systems C. Alphabet reforms D. Beliefs and feelings about language and its use

D

28. Which anthropological method involves long-term immersion in a community? A. Participant observation B. Discourse theory C. Content analysis D. Genealogical mapping

A

29. What role does semiotics play in anthropology? A. It analyzes how meaning is made through signs B. It traces genealogical links C. It defines biological traits D. It catalogs artifacts

A

30. Which is an example of a sacred space according to anthropologists? A. A government office B. A classroom C. A pilgrimage site D. A shopping mall

C

31. What is the primary purpose of a rite of passage? A. To preserve oral traditions B. To celebrate holidays C. To mark a transition between social statuses D. To punish deviance

C

32. What kind of economy is based on small-scale subsistence farming and shifting cultivation? A. Horticulturalism B. Foraging C. Industrialism D. Capitalism

A

33. Which economic system is most likely to be associated with large urban centers? A. Foraging B. Gift exchange C. Intensive agriculture D. Horticulture

C

34. In which context would an anthropologist study wampum as a form of exchange? A. Market economy B. Wage labor economy C. Gift economy D. Capitalist economy

C

35. Which of these best illustrates the concept of "constructed reality"? A. Biological sex B. Natural disasters C. Social roles like gender or race D. Climate change

C

36. Which of these is NOT typically a component of religion, according to anthropology? A. Mathematical logic B. Ritual C. Sacred space D. Spirituality

A

37. Which anthropologist wrote about religion as a system of symbols that create powerful moods? A. Karl Marx B. Clifford Geertz C. Émile Durkheim D. Victor Turner

B

38. Which statement reflects cultural relativism? A. All practices are equally valid B. We should understand practices in the context of the culture that performs them C. Western norms are universally applicable D. Cultures must adopt global standards

B

39. The term heterotopia was introduced by which theorist? A. Victor Turner B. Jacques Lacan C. Michel Foucault D. Nancy Scheper-Hughes

C

40. Which concept best explains the imagined ties in a nation-state? A. Imagined community B. Political alliance C. Urban proximity D. Biological descent

A

41. Which stage in Lacanian theory is associated with uncategorized experience and instinctive signs like crying? A. The Symbolic B. The Real C. The Imaginary D. The Material

B

42. Which economic system is based on herding animals and often involves nomadism? A. Agriculture B. Pastoralism C. Industrialism D. Horticulture

B

43. According to Noam Chomsky, what innate human mechanism helps us acquire language? A. Symbolic cognition B. Syntax toolkit C. Language acquisition device D. Pragmatic interface

C

44. In participant observation, what is one ethical challenge anthropologists face? A. Refusing to share results B. Taking leadership roles C. Avoiding language study D. Maintaining objectivity while building trust

D

45. Which type of kinship is traced through both mother and father equally? A. Matrilineal B. Patrilineal C. Bilateral D. Affinal

C

46. What does "affinal kinship" refer to? A. Lineage-based roles B. Relations by marriage C. Relations by blood D. Siblings

B

47. Which of the following would be considered a "liminal person" in many religious traditions? A. Merchant B. Government official C. Farmer D. Monk or nun

D

48. Which best describes an index in semiotics? A. A sign that points to its referent without resembling it B. A grammatical marker C. A sign that looks like its referent D. A random association

A

49. In what kind of space do multiple cultural or sacred meanings exist simultaneously, according to Foucault? A. Cultural zone B. Heterotopia C. Cosmopolis D. Utopia

B

50. Which of these is an example of indirect ethnography? A. Reading field reports B. Observing workplace clothing norms C. Interviewing religious leaders D. Using a language survey

B

51. What characterizes capitalism according to anthropological analysis? A. Gift-based reciprocity B. Wealth accumulation and wage labor C. Subsistence farming D. Sacred redistribution

B

52. What is an effect of globalization on economic anthropology? A. Blurring boundaries between local and global economies B. Reducing cultural diversity C. Stopping urbanization D. Isolating traditional markets

A

53. In which system would a mother’s brother be the most powerful male relative? A. Matrilineal B. Bilateral C. Industrial D. Patrilineal

A

54. Which example best illustrates symbolic violence? A. Physical abuse in sports B. Criminal behavior C. Verbal harassment D. Unnoticed reinforcement of cultural hierarchies

D

55. Which economic system is most linked to gift economies like the Kula ring? A. Capitalism B. Feudalism C. Foraging and Horticulture D. Industrialism

C

56. In the anthropological study of religion, what does the term sacralized space mean? A. A secular institution B. A location with religious or spiritual significance C. A location for economic exchange D. A space for government rule

B

57. Which of the following is an example of cultural transmission? A. Genetic mutations B. Learning rituals from elders C. Environmental changes D. Biological inheritance

B

58. Which anthropological method is particularly focused on understanding local meanings and lived experiences? A. Functionalism B. Participant observation C. Biological surveys D. Structural analysis

A

59. What term describes shared and repeated behaviors or actions within a culture? A. Practices B. Rituals C. Myths D. Symbols

A

60. Which approach examines how cultures adapt their symbolic systems to create order? A. Materialism B. Structuralism C. Symbolic interactionism D. Interpretivism

C

61. Which of the following anthropologists is famous for their work on ritual and social drama? A. Victor Turner B. Karl Marx C. Clifford Geertz D. Emile Durkheim

B

62. What does the term 'ethnogenesis' refer to? A. The development of human speech B. The creation of new cultural groups C. The study of ancient languages D. The invention of mythologies

A

63. What is a key feature of the "dominant discourse" in postcolonial studies? A. Rejection of all Western ideals B. The persistence of colonial power through culture and language C. The scientific study of indigenous cultures D. The erasure of native languages

C

64. What does “racialization” mean? A. Denial of racism B. The construction of racial categories C. The blending of racial identities D. The dismantling of race-based discrimination

B

65. In anthropology, what does "fieldwork" primarily refer to? A. Laboratory experiments B. Travel to exotic countries C. Data collection in real-world settings D. Economic analysis of production methods

C

66. What does "cultural hegemony" describe? A. Forced integration of minority cultures B. The dominance of one cultural group over others C. Equal representation of all cultures D. The rise of new cultural practices

B

67. What was the primary concern of early 20th-century cultural anthropology? A. Language acquisition B. Evolutionary theories C. Social function of culture D. Globalization

B

68. What is a "rite of intensification"? A. A ritual that confirms societal norms B. A political ceremony C. A religious performance during crisis D. A wedding

C

69. What concept in anthropology explains the breakdown of meaning and symbols in a society under stress? A. Profanation B. Iconoclasm C. Symbolic collapse D. Crisis of legitimacy

B

70. What is one feature of the "postcolonial condition" according to anthropologists? A. Complete cultural assimilation B. Rejection of all modern institutions C. Lasting colonial impacts on identity D. Full recovery from colonial influence

B

71. What role does "ritual" play in a society according to anthropological studies? A. It is a necessary economic tool B. It marks moments of social change C. It is an occasional religious custom D. It is a purely psychological phenomenon

D

72. In the context of kinship, what is a "cousin" in a bilateral system? A. A relative on one side only B. A relative on both paternal and maternal sides C. A direct descendant D. A relative from a different social group

C

73. What role does "cultural production" play in anthropological studies? A. It identifies biological traits B. It focuses on economic systems C. It examines how culture is made and transmitted D. It describes environmental adaptations

A

74. What is meant by "cultural adaptation"? A. The way culture influences biology B. The way organisms adapt to environments C. The changes societies make to survive D. The way religion shapes economy

B

75. What is the term for a community's shared beliefs in what is socially acceptable? A. Ideology B. Morality C. Hierarchy D. Custom

B

76. Which type of society is most likely to practice horticulture? A. Industrial B. Nomadic C. Agricultural D. Urban

B

77. What does "privilege" refer to in anthropological studies? A. Legal rights granted by government B. The wealth of the elite C. Unequal access to resources based on identity D. Cultural heritage protection

C

78. What do "social structures" refer to in anthropology? A. Biological influences on society B. The ways in which society organizes itself C. Environmental factors shaping societies D. The construction of personal identities

B

79. What is meant by “theory of practice”? A. Practical tools B. The relationship between social structure and individual action C. Scientific methods D. Economic systems

B

80. Which theory best explains how economic systems shape human behavior? A. Cultural materialism B. Symbolic interactionism C. Social evolution D. Structuralism

C

81. What was the main concern of the functionalist approach in anthropology? A. The study of ancient rituals B. The importance of structure in cultural survival C. The relationship between biological traits and society D. The formation of hierarchies

B

82. Which concept is central to the study of human evolution? A. Primate behavior B. Cultural transmission C. Biological adaptation D. Social behavior

B

83. What is an example of "social stratification"? A. The existence of different economic classes B. The development of distinct dialects C. A society with shared values D. The mixing of different cultural practices

C

84. In anthropology, what does the term "myth" refer to? A. A historical story with no basis in fact B. A tale that explains natural phenomena and societal norms C. A politically motivated fiction D. A fantasy story for children

C

85. Which term refers to the way people negotiate their positions in a society through cultural practices? A. Cultural negotiation B. Social positioning C. Symbolic exchange D. Cultural adaptation

C

86. Which form of kinship focuses on both maternal and paternal lineages equally? A. Bilateral B. Matrilineal C. Patrilineal D. Avuncular

B

87. What best defines the concept of "race" in anthropology? A. A biological fact B. A historical and social construction C. A clear-cut division of humanity D. A universal trait based on ancestry

C

88. What does the concept of "civil society" refer to? A. The formal government B. The private sphere of life C. The social organizations outside of the government D. The economic system

C

89. What did Marx mean by "false consciousness"? A. A misunderstanding of social reality B. The belief in a perfect world C. The rejection of class systems D. The idealization of leadership

C

90. What does "ethnocentrism" refer to in anthropology? A. Viewing other cultures through the lens of your own culture B. The process of cultural assimilation C. The belief that all cultures are equally valid D. The celebration of cultural diversity

C

91. Which of the following is an example of a "myth of progress"? A. Belief that technology will solve all social problems B. The idea that all cultures evolve in a linear way C. The idea that human nature is unchanged over time D. The view that economic inequality is inevitable

B

92. What is the primary focus of symbolic anthropology? A. The study of symbols and their meanings in culture B. The biological aspects of human behavior C. Economic systems and wealth distribution D. The role of language in human societies

C

93. According to Foucault, how does power function in modern societies? A. Through direct violence B. Through surveillance and norms C. Through economic control alone D. Through religious institutions only

C

94. What does "cultural hegemony" describe in Gramsci’s theory? A. The imposition of one class’s worldview as the dominant ideology B. The evolution of culture through technological advances C. The pursuit of a classless society D. The decline of traditional beliefs in modern societies

C

95. What role does "race" play in the process of racialization? A. It has no social significance B. It is a fixed, biological category C. It is a social construct that defines group boundaries D. It only exists in the context of slavery

C

96. Which type of exchange involves the flow of goods and services without a formal expectation of return? A. Reciprocity B. Redistribution C. Market exchange D. Gift exchange

C

97. What is the primary aim of postcolonial studies in anthropology? A. To celebrate colonial history B. To analyze the ongoing impacts of colonialism on culture and identity C. To defend traditional cultural practices D. To encourage assimilation into Western culture

C

98. What does "language ideology" refer to in linguistic anthropology? A. The technical rules of grammar B. The belief systems around how language should be used C. The history of different languages D. The scientific study of phonetics

A

99. What is "structural violence" in the context of anthropology? A. Physical harm caused by conflicts B. Institutionalized inequality that harms marginalized groups C. Violence that occurs during rituals D. The destruction of cultural heritage

C

100. What is the concept of "cultural appropriation" in anthropology? A. The act of creating new cultural practices B. The borrowing or stealing of elements from one culture by another, often without respect C. The exchange of cultural artifacts through trade D. The integration of multiple cultures into one community

B