chem quizz review

What was Heisenberg uncertainty principle?

It is impossible to know both the position and velocity of an electron

what is Schödinger's quantum model of the atom about?

That the locations of electrons are based on wave equations to give a region of probability on finding an electron with known energy

What is the shape of “s” in orbitals and how many orbitals are there for that sublevel?

It is a sphere and only one orbital

What is the shape of “p” orbitals and how many orbitals are there in that sublevel?

The shape is a like a dumbbell and only three orbitals

What is the shape of the “d” orbitals and how many orbitals are in that sublevel?

The shape is of a four leaf clover or a dumbbell with a donut and only five orbitals for that sublevel

What is the shape of the “f” orbitals and how many orbitals are in that sublevel?

If has various shapes and only seven orbitals in that sublevel

What is the Aufbaus principle for electrons locations?

Electrons must occupy the lowest available energy level

What is an atom

Is the smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that element

What is the Pauli exclusion principle from electrons locations

There cannnot be more than two electrons in each orbitals and those two must spin in opposite directions

What is hunds rule on electrons locations

Within a sublevel (s,p,d,f), each orbitals must get one electron before it doubles up

What is electromagnetic radiation

Energy that travels as waves through space

Ex: light,radio waves, cell phone signals, X-rays, UV light

What is wavelength?

The distance between 2 equal points on a wave

What is frequency

The number if wavelengths that pass a certain point in one second

What color dose white light contain?

All colors and looks like a rainbow in a prism

What is it called when electrons in an atom transition between energy levels and it emits a ?

Photon

What is photon?

A partial that emits light

What does boars model of a atom explain?

It explains what an atom looks like with the amount of electrons and protons,neutrons

What does it mean to absorb a photon?

An electron jumps to a higher level

What does it mean to emit a photon

An electron falls to a lower level

What is a atomic emission spectrum?

It is lines of different colors separated by dark areas

Name all 7 scientists that did early research on the atom

Dalton, Thomson, Millikan, Rutherford,Chadwick, and Bohr

What was John Daltons model name

The billiard ball model

What did the billiard ball model find out?

found out about the atom and everything is made up of atoms

What is a subatomic particles

The smaller particles within an atom like neutrons protons, and elections

True or false: the location of an atom is based on certainty

False, an atoms location is based on uncertainty

What did j.j Thomson models name?

The plum pudding model

What did thomSon's plum pudding model find out?

Discovered the electron using a cathode ray tube

What did Robert Millikan find out?

He calculated the charge of electrons ( in coulombs) and the mass of electrons

What did Ernest Rutherford find find out?

He discovered the nucleus in his gold foil experiment

What did Chadwick find out?

Discovered the neutron that is located in the nucleus and it helps hold the nucleus together

What model did Bohr make ?

The planetary model

What did bchr 's planetary model find out?

Electrons orbit around the nucleus like planets sorbit around the Sun

How do you find out the mass number of an atom?

Mass number = protons plus the number of neutrons

What is the atomic number made up of?

The number ef protons

What is the atomic mass of?

The average of isotopes

What is a Ian?

An atom with. A charge

What is a isotopes

A atom of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons

What equation would you use to find the atomic mass?

(MassA x %A) + (mass b x %B) +….

Chemical reaction definition

One or more substances changes into a new substance through the exchange of electrons

What is a nuclear reaction?

A substance changes into a new substance through a change in it's nucleus

If a substance emits small particles with high energy, what is it?

It is radioactive

Why do radio active emit small particles?

Because they're unstable

What are the types of radiation?

Alpha, beta, posición and gamma ray

What is nuclear fission?

Splitting a large radioactive nucleus into smaller nuclei which produces very large amounts of energy

What is nuclear fusion

When two small nuclei combine together to form a large nucleus.

What is gamma ray?

Very high energy, with no mass and no charge

What is position? (B+)

It has a positive charge if it is emitted from a nucleus a proton is turned into a neutron

What is beta particle? (B)

Has -1 charge and no mass if it is emitted from a nucleus a neutron is turned into a proton

What is alpha particle

2 protons and neutrons +2 charge

Yk what electromagnetic radiation is?

Energy that travels as waves through space

What are valence elections?

Elections in the highest energy level

Wha does valence electrons determine ?

Most chemical properties

When you go across a row what increases?

Pro tens add up as the valence electrons to be pulled closer to the nucleus

When you go across a now what decreases ?

The radius

What is atomic radios?

The distance from the nucleus to the valence electrons

The less nuclear charge the what?

The Weaker the magnet or the pull is

If you go down what increases?

The radius

If an atom loses a electron what happens?

The radius gets smaller and loses a shell most of the time

If an atom gains a electron what happens?

The radius gets bigger and would gain a shell or not

What is ionization energy?

Energy that is required to remove a valence electron