JCOM 201

Reasons for growth of mass communication

democracy, marketing, need for mass-mediation in entertainment, Morse and the telegraph,

Consequences of the invention of the telegraph

standardization of time, arbitrage/futures

Colonial Press

First magazine publisher in U.S.

Benjamin Harris

Came to Boston in 1686 to publish a regularly scheduled newspaper. His greatest success came from a spelling book called the New England Primer. In 1690, he founded Publick Occurrences.

Colonial Press

first newspaper

Benjamin Harris,

Published Publick Occurrences, first colonial newspaper

Why first in New England and not in the South

The Southern plantation economy, based on slavery was primarily agricultural (cotton, sugar, tobacco, rice), hence southern states had little use for news.King CottonPlantation home

John Campbell's Boston News Letter

first continuously published newspaper in America

First daily newspaper

Pennsylvania Evening Post

the main features of colonial newspapers

appearance, price, content, Penny Press

change in names of newspapers,

Advertiser -> sun

-newspapers redefined themselves from political affairs to shedding light on the truth

Reasons behind the advent of the Penny Press,

With the publication of the New York Sun in 1833 a new era in American journalism - known as The Penny Press - was established.

New York Sun and Herald, James Gordon Bennett,

invented the new york herald

Horace Greeley

An American newspaper editor and founder of the Republican party. His New York Tribune was America's most influential newspaper 1840-1870. Greeley used it to promote the Whig and Republican parties, as well as antislavery and a host of reforms.

Type of Content

Penny press newspapers featured stories that appealed to the common person, including crime, human interest stories, and political scandals.

rise of the news agencies like Associated Press,United Press International

commercialization of the news, as well as it becoming "objective"

Yellow Journalism

Major changes in American society after Civil War that contributed to newspaper boom,

Pulitzer and Hearst,

rival newspaper publishers who used yellow journalism to sell papers

types of stories featured in Yellow Journalism

exciting human interest stories, crime news, large headlines and more readable copy.

pros and cons of Yellow Journalism.

pros: it attracted more people to reading the news

cons: it's focused more on sensationalism than facts

Objective Journalism

New York Times, Wall Street Journal,

Adolph Ochs

publisher and owner of New York Times in 1896.

objective journalism

A model of news reporting that is based on the communication of "facts"

founding of UPI

News gathering service created early 1900s (UP) and (INS) two merged in 1958 to form UPI

Marconi

invented the radio

Maxwell

founder of modern physics

Hertz

Unit of frequency

wireless telegraphy

Using radio to send telegraphic messages

broadcasting

the transmission of radio waves or TV signals to a broad public audience

narrowcasting

Lee De Forest

father of radio

Fessenden

first voice broadcast

RCA

Radio Corporation of America

AT&T

American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T), established in 1885

David Sarnoff

Founder of NBC

NBC (Blue and Red),

red network was associated with WEAF and the more popular programming. Blue network and WJZ carried with a somewhat smaller line-up of often lower powered stations sold program time to advertisers at a lower cost. It often carried newer, untried programs

ABC News

The American Broadcasting Company is an American commercial broadcast television and radio network that serves as the flagship property of the Disney Entertainment division of the Walt Disney Company.

William Paley and CBS

emerged and competed with NBC

Mutual Broadcasting System

an American commercial radio network in operation from 1934 to 1999.

Golden Age of Radio

era of radio in the United States where it was the dominant electronic home entertainment medium.

transistors

small electrical devices that could receive and amplify radio signals

Edwin Armstrong

FM radio

Changes in radio after the advent of television

-rise of the teenager,

-Top 40,

-FM radio,

-personalized style of DJs,

-college radio,

-radio today

Zworkin

Invented the TV camera tube

Farnsworth,

invented TV

Maxwell

founder of modern physics

Hertz

Unit of frequency

Independent stations

local stations unaffiliated with a national network

affiliates

Local television stations that carry the programming of a national network

deficit production

practice of a network or channel paying the studio that creates a show a license fee in exchange for the right to air the show

syndication

leasing TV stations or cable networks the exclusive right to air TV shows