Kaarten: C&O Week 8 | Quizlet

Globalisation

Refers to both the processes of compression of the world (global interdependence) and the intensification of consciousness of the global whole

Corona Example of globalisation

Corona spread so fast because of globalisation - huge impact on economy, corporations, and minorities and society overall

Two competing related forces of globalisation

Interpretation of sameness and difference - interpretation of universalism and particularism (homogenisation and uniqueness)

Advocations of globalisation

Creates an increasingly universal and homogenous world with shared economic interests and values - leads to a more stable and cosmopolitan global society

Critiques of globalisation

All-consuming force that destroys unique, indigenous cultures and erases difference, while increasing gap between the haves and have-nots

Fundamentalism

'Back to tradition' response to modernity and globalisation changes - A direct result of globalisation

McWorld process

Global process that is increasingly dominant everywhere and that constructs the individual as a consumer - focuses on lifestyle and knowledge (human identity) instead of material goods

Jihad process

Represents a turn toward communalism, tribalism and tradition (fundamentalism) - a response to consumerist homogenous McWorld culture

3 spheres to examine globalisation processes in

1. Economics - capitalism expansion into other countries (to increase profitability) and neoliberal rejection of Keynesianism e.g McDonald opening in Russia
2. Gender - invisible (immigrant) women supplying services that maintain machinery of global capitalism (the bottom cogs); call centres
3. Politics - Globalisation vs nation-state & Globalisation resistance (Globalisation from below, BoP)

Organisational issues in globalising world

1. Forms of organising - off sourcing or outsourcing of production or services to low-wage countries; movement of migrants to urban areas, with new job opportunities and career mobility
2. Ethics of business - Corporate responsibility and sustainability - boundaryless or bounded; conscious capitalism and corporate state nexus

Outsourcing

From economic perspective is good - orgs focus on core competencies like branding - however outsourcing leads to lack of transparency (Apple in Foxconn)

Roles of organisations in society

1. Part of problem and solution
2. Agent of change
3. Benefactor of change?
4. Participant in the change process?

Disaster politics

The ways neoliberal economic policies, employed by IMF have actually created greater poverty in many nations because of high-interest loans and the restrictions the IMF imposes on countries as a condition for receiving loans

Global cities

The primary production sites for the leading information industries of our time - dominant financial centers that coordinate flow of money and knowledge, where workers communicate with each other across borders of time and space

Survival circuit

Feminisation of survival in which households, communities and even nations are increasingly dependent on women's migration and subsequent income for survival - since women are more likely than men to return their earnings to home countries

Commodification of love in global child care industry

Foreign nannys seen as exotic and maternal to the children, while children are portrayed as a way of gaining insight into another culture

Cognitive capitalism

When language is put to work and labour involves the production of knowledge and communication e.g call centers

Globalisation vs nation-state

Nation state has fixed borders with internal uniform rules (stable) while globalisation is a deterritorialising process that transcends national borders - undermines importance of nation-state

Globalisation from below

Grassroots effort to resist imperialist tendencies (ideologies, practices and institutions) and provide possibilities for more democratic forms of life - TNCs' power is undemocratic because its not subject to governance by nation states or popular will

Transformation of power relations

Ability to effect large-scale collective changes in the domains of state policy, corporate practice, social structure, cultural norms, and daily lived experience

Bottom of the Pyramid (BoP) program

Where global poor are understood not as passive recipients of wealthy countries' aid, but as resilient entrepreneurs and value-conscious consumers - resulted in microfinance organisations that give out small loans with low interest rates to developing businesses

Critiques of BoP

While it did help many businesses, it frames global poor as deficient and unenlightened and suggests that they can only overcome problems if they learn Western ways of business; BoP impact on poverty reduction is very limited

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)

The integration of an enterprise's social, environmental, ethical and philanthropic responsibilities toward society into its operations and core business strategy in cooperation with relevant stakeholders - pragmatic way to regulate conduct of private companies in globalised economy

Forms of CSR

1. Corporate greening initiatives- companies' efforts to develop more environmentally friendly products and pledging to avoid environmental catastrophes (likely to be greenwashing) like oil spills
2. Social accounting - encourages companies to measure costs and benefits of their activities in pursuit of economic, social and environmental interests (but commodifies CSR into an object that can be purchased)
3. Presentation of CSR ratings - evaluation and recognition by independent civic organisations or consulting firms that assess the companies on ethical behaviour (but the organisations that give the awards are shady)
4. Deetz's stakeholder model

Greenwashing

One-off and insincere public relations efforts to make a corporation's routine operations look virtuous to an inattentive public and its employees (employee level of satisfaction with greenwashing is related to their level of Organisational identification)

Auto-communication

When the company communicates with itself about how its commitment to a virtuous future identity - this identity eventually gets performed into existence

Deetz's stakeholder model

Model of how CSR dialogue can operate (CSR as communication) that takes a political turn - corporations are always political actors which shape perceptions and interests through the money code - corporations consider how they relate to other groups since they make decisions for the public, therefore not its only role to make a profit as discussed by Friedman

Possible Outcomes of Deetz's stakeholder model

1. Consumers have interest in companies providing quality goods and services at a fair price
2. Workers desire fair wage and safe working conditions
3. Investors have stake in a reasonable return on their investment
4. Suppliers have an interest in stable demand for their resuources at a reasonable price