9th grade dna vocab

Watson and Crick Discovered the shape of DNA

What is the shape of DNA? Double Helix

Rosalind Franklin Took the first x-ray picture of DNA

What is DNA made of? -5 Carbon Sugar

-Phosphate Group

-Nitrogen Base

A matches with T

G matches with C

Where does DNA replicate? In the nucleus

How many strands does RNA have? 1

What is RNA's sugar? Ribose

What is RNA's job To make proteins

What are the types of RNA? -mRNA

-tRNA

-rRNA

What is transcription? The process of converting DNA to mRNA

Chromatin DNA and a protein packed tightly together

Histone Proteins that make up chromatin

Replication The process of duplicating DNA

DNA polymerase Enzyme involved in DNA replication that joins individual nucleotides to produce a DNA molecule

Gene Coded DNA instructions

mRNA Carries Genes

tRNA Transfers Amino acids

rRNA Makes proteins

Promoter A specific nucleotide sequence in DNA that binds RNA polymerase and indicates where to start transcribing RNA

Intron Series of nucleotides

Exon Code for proteins

Codon 3 consecutive nucleotides that specify the protein

Translation The decoding of mRNA

Anticodon 3 unpaired bases in mRNA

DNA helicase Unzips DNA

Replication Fork A Y-shaped region on a replicating DNA molecule where new strands are growing

Replication Bubble a region of DNA, in front of the replication fork, where helicase has unwound the double helix

Leading strand 5' to 3'

Lagging Strand 5' to 3'

DNA Ligase Links up the strands from 3' to 5'

Okazaki Fragments Series of short fragments on the lagging strand