Teaching Methods & Approaches Lecture Review

A set of 50 flashcards covering the Audio-Lingual Method, Grammar-Translation Method, and Communicative Language Teaching based on Richards & Rodgers.

What level of control do learners have over the content and pace of learning in Audiolingualism?

Learners have little control over the content and pace.

Is the Audiolingual Method considered teacher-dominated or student-led?

It is a teacher-dominated method.

True or False: In Audiolingualism, the order of skills taught is reading, writing, listening, and speaking.

False

When is a student textbook used in an Audiolingual course?

It is not used in the elementary phases of the course.

During which decade did Audiolingualism reach its peak?

The $1960s$

True or False: Noam Chomsky supported the behaviorist theory of language learning.

False

According to Chomsky, are sentences learned through imitation and repetition?

No

What theory claims to explain all human learning including language learning?

Behaviorism

According to behaviorism, what is the effect of reinforcement on a behavior?

It increases the likelihood that a behavior will occur again.

In Audiolingualism, was writing taught before speaking?

False

From what scholarship did the Grammar-Translation Method originate?

German scholarship

Which language skills are the major focus in the Grammar-Translation Method?

Reading and writing (Speaking and listening are not the focus).

What is used as the medium of instruction in the Grammar-Translation Method?

The student's native language

True or False: There is significant literature offering a rationale for the Grammar-Translation Method.

False

What is the goal of foreign language study according to Grammar-Translation?

To learn a language to read its literature and for mental discipline.

How is grammar taught in the Grammar-Translation Method?

Grammar is taught deductively.

Where and when are the origins of the Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) method found?

In the British language teaching tradition in the late $1960s$

Who coined the term "communicative competence"?

Hymes

According to Hymes, what criteria define communicative competence?

Whether something is formally possible, feasible, appropriate, and actually done.

How many basic functions of language did Halliday identify for children learning L1?

$$7$$

What is the actual meaning of the "instrumental function" of language according to Halliday?

Using language to get things done (not to express personal feelings).

How many dimensions of communicative competence did Canale and Swain identify?

$$4$$

What does grammatical competence refer to?

Grammatical and lexical capacity.

What does strategic competence refer to in the context of CLT?

Coping strategies to initiate and repair communication.

True or False: In CLT, the primary units of language are grammatical and structural features only.

False

What kind of level for interpersonal relationships was one of Piepho's objectives?

An affective level

In Audiolingualism, how are learners viewed?

As organisms responding to stimuli.

According to Brooks, what must an Audiolingual teacher be able to do?

Model the various types of language behavior.

What is the status of exposure to the printed word in the early stages of Audiolingualism?

It may not be considered desirable.

Name two courses that applied Audiolingualism principles.

English 900 and the Lado English Series

How did Chomsky describe the nature of language learning?

As involveing innovation and abstract rules rather than a collection of memorized habits.

Which theory offered temporary relief after the decline of Audiolingualism?

Cognitive-code learning

What are the three crucial elements in behaviorist learning?

Stimulus, response, and reinforcement.

What is the purpose of reinforcement in behaviorist learning?

To mark the response as appropriate and encourage repetition.

In Audiolingualism, what is blamed for a failure to learn?

Improper application of the method.

According to Brooks, what is the correct order for teaching the four skills?

Hearing, speaking, reading, and writing.

How is vocabulary taught in the Grammar-Translation Method?

Through bilingual word lists and dictionary study.

What is the basic unit of teaching in the Grammar-Translation Method?

The sentence

Does the Grammar-Translation Method make many or few demands on teachers?

It makes few demands on teachers.

In the Grammar-Translation Method, what purpose does the student's native language serve?

To explain new items and make comparisons.

What is the primary goal of language teaching in CLT?

To develop communicative competence.

Who contrasted "communicative competence" with Chomsky's "linguistic competence"?

Hymes

Which of Halliday's functions is NOT one of the 7 basic functions mentioned?

Structural

What competences are included in Canale and Swain's model?

Grammatical, Sociolinguistic, Discourse, and Strategic competence.

What happens during a "Repetition" drill?

The student repeats after hearing an utterance.

What happens during an "Inflection" drill?

One word in the sentence appears in another form (e.g., changing a verb tense or pluralization).

What happens during a "Replacement" drill?

One word is replaced by another word.

What happens during a "Restatement" drill?

The student rephrases an utterance.

What happens during a "Completion" drill?

The student completes a sentence.

What happens during a "Transposition" drill?

There is a change in word order.