Untitled Flashcards Set

What are the three components of the epidemiologic triad in the context of disease?

Agent, Host, Environment.

How do immunizations prevent disease at the population level?

They create herd immunity by reducing the number of susceptible individuals.

What is active immunity? Give an example.

Active immunity is when the body produces its own antibodies; for example, recovering from chickenpox.

What are the three most common types of vaccines?

Inactivated, Live-Attenuated, and Subunit/Recombinant or Conjugate vaccines.

What is the chain of infection model?

It is a model outlining the process of disease transmission through six links: Infectious Agent, Reservoir, Portal of Exit, Mode of Transmission, Portal of Entry, and Susceptible Host.

What are the phases of the natural history of disease?

Susceptibility, Subclinical, Clinical, and Resolution phases.

Define health communication.

Health communication is the study and use of communication strategies to inform and influence individual and community health decisions.

What are the six constructs of the Health Belief Model?

Perceived Susceptibility, Perceived Severity, Perceived Benefits, Perceived Barriers, Cues to Action, Self-Efficacy.

What is health literacy?

The degree to which individuals can find, understand, and use health information and services for informed health-related decisions.

What are social determinants of health (SDoH)?

Conditions in the environments where people live, work, and play that affect health outcomes.

What is the purpose of Medicaid?

Provide healthcare to low-income individuals.

What are the four parts of Medicare?

Part A (Hospital insurance), Part B (Medical insurance), Part C (Medicare Advantage), Part D (Prescription drug coverage).

What is the Health Insurance Marketplace?

A platform created by the ACA for individuals to compare and purchase private health plans.

What does the term 'expansion states' refer to?

States that expanded Medicaid under the ACA to cover more low-income adults.

What is the primary aim of the Affordable Care Act (ACA)?

To expand insurance coverage, improve healthcare quality, reduce costs, and enhance consumer protections.

What are some characteristics of Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs)?

Require primary care provider referrals, have a limited network, and focus on preventive care.

What are health disparities?

Health differences strongly associated with social, economic, or environmental disadvantages.

What does the term 'vulnerable populations' refer to?

Groups who are at higher risk for poor health outcomes due to social, economic, or environmental factors.

What is the role of the Federally Qualified Healthcare Center (FQHC)?

To provide comprehensive primary care to underserved populations on a sliding fee scale.

How does low health literacy impact health outcomes?

It can lead to misunderstanding health information, resulting in poor adherence and more severe health complications.

What are the key differences between HMO and PPO plans?

HMOs require referrals and limit network; PPOs offer flexible networks and no referrals.