BIOL 205 CELLS

Capsule

Protects bacteria from antibiotics

Vaccine

Targets the bacteria (but ineffective by itself because cant get to bacteria because of capsule)

Antibiotic and vaccine

Most effective

Prokaryotic size

2-8um

Cocci

[photo] prokaryotic shape

Bacilli

[photo] prokaryotic shape

Spirochetes

[photo] prokaryotic shape

clusters

[photo] prokaryotic arrangement

chains

[photo] prokaryotic arrangement

glycocalyx

polypeptide and sugar layer outside of cell wall

polypeptide

protein

polysaccharide

sugar

glcocalyx function

help with attachment

immune cell detection

glcocalyx 2 layers

capsule layer

slime layer

slime layer arrangement

unorganized and loose

capsule layer arrangement

organized

flagella function

propel cell

flagella movement

spins clockwise and counterclockwise (tumbling)

flagella moving cell towards stim

taxing

peritrichous

flagella unifrom over body

monotrichous

one flagella on one side

lophotrichous

multiple flagella on one side

amphitrichous

multiple flagella each side on distict sides of body

adhesin

hair like strucutres for surface attachment

pilus

helps attach for DNA transfer between microbes

cell wall function

structure, controls materials, prevents dehydration

cell wall composition

peptidoglycan

peptidoglycan composition

sugar

amino acids

gram positive cell wall composition

thick peptidoglycan later

teichoic acids

gram negative cell wall

thin peptidoglycan layer

thick periplasmic layer

has an inner and outer plasma membrane

cell envelope composition

cell wall

plasma membrane

periplasmic space

myobacteria layers

myolic acid (wax)

peptidoglycan

archaea

lack a true cell wall and have protein S layer instead

plasma membrane (phospholipid bilayer) function

controls movements in and out of cell

periplasmic space

region between cell wall and plasma membrane

periplasmic space function

controls what goes into the cell

cytoplasm

fluid inside the cell

ribsome 70

protein synthesis

storage vauoles function

store leftover nutrients

plasmid DNA

carries advantageous genes

Genomic DNA

contains genetic info

a bacteria can survive an antibiotic treatment since it was an unorganized outer sticky sugar protein coating that traps the treatment. Which bacterial component is most likely present on this bacteria that prevents the treatment from working\?

cell wall composition

peptidoglycan

NAG

NAM

linked by polypeptide chains

lipoteichoic acid

attaches cell wall to plasma membrane

teichoic acid

holds wall contents together

which has a ticker peptidoglycan layer… positive or negative?

positive

outer membrane of gram negative cell envelope

LPS

porins

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells have…

dna

ribosomes

cytosol

plasma membrane

What is the name of the specific molecules that anchor the peptidoglycan layer to the

plasma membrane of gram positive bacteria called?

lipoteichoic acid

what is the key differnce between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

Eukaryotic cells have multiple linear chromosomes