Population Dynamics and Environmental Issues

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts associated with population dynamics and environmental issues as discussed in the lecture notes.

What does natural increase in a population refer to?

The difference between birth rate and death rate in a population.

What is the average life expectancy in Japan as of 2021?

About 85 years.

What is brain drain?

The emigration of highly skilled or educated individuals from a country.

What does urbanization signify?

The increasing proportion of a population living in urban areas.

How is the dependency ratio calculated?

(Number of dependents / Number of working-age population) × 100.

What is the greenhouse effect?

The process by which certain gases in the Earth's atmosphere trap heat from the Sun.

What is the main cause of global warming?

Human activities, especially the burning of fossil fuels.

How is climate change defined?

Long-term changes in temperature, weather patterns, and other atmospheric conditions on Earth.

What is sustainable development?

Meeting the needs of the present without compromising future generations' ability to meet their own needs.

What is the difference between immigration and emigration?

Immigration is entering a country to live permanently; emigration is leaving one's country to live in another.

What defines unemployment?

When people are without work and actively seeking employment.

How does population density differ from population distribution?

Population density is the number of people per unit area; distribution is the pattern of where people live.

What is a renewable resource?

A resource that can be replenished naturally within a human timescale.

Define food security.

The state of having reliable access to sufficient, affordable, and nutritious food.

What is an environmental impact assessment?

A process of evaluating potential environmental effects of a proposed project or development.

List the major characteristics used to analyze population structure.

Age distribution, sex ratio, dependency ratio, education levels, population pyramid.

What are the main push factors contributing to rural-urban migration?

Limited job opportunities and lack of access to quality education or healthcare in rural areas.

Define net migration.

The difference between the number of immigrants and emigrants in a given period.

What are some consequences of migration for an individual?

Improved economic opportunities and cultural adjustment challenges.

Name ways to develop human resources.

Vocational training programs, higher education expansion, on-the-job training initiatives, lifelong learning opportunities.

What is a challenge related to migration in the Caribbean region?

Patterns of internal migration (rural-urban) and external migration trends.

What does the term 'brain drain' refer to?

The loss of skilled workers from a country due to emigration.