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What is symbolic speech?
Nonverbal communication conveying a message/belief
Two court cases dealing with symbolic speech:
Texas v. Johnson, Tinker v. Des Moines
What is libel?
Written defamation with malicious intent, trying to harm them with untrue info
What are civil liberties?
Protections from governmental action
What are civil rights?
Protections from gov and other people
Which court case said the bill of rights only applied to the government?
Barron v. Baltimore
Which court case said the bill of rights applied to the states as well?
Gitlow v. New York
The steps taken during an arrest or legal prosecution is known as what?
Due process
The incorporation doctrine means what is applied where?
The bill of rights is applied to the states
What did the establishment clause forbid?
Government cannot establish an official state religion
What does the free exercise clause allow?
The right to freely practice religion w/o gov interference
Which court case declared mandatory prayer in public schools as unconstitutional?
Engel v. Vitale
Which case allowed for public funds to go to private religious schools?
Lemon v. Kurtzman
The prevention of material from being published is known as?
Prior restraint
Which limit on free speech establishes "clear and present danger"?
Schenck v. United States
If there is a conflict between a fair trial and press coverage, who does the court side with?
Fair trial
Which court case defined or set up a test for obscenity?
Roth v. United States or Miller v. California
Which court case determines slander must have actual malice or reckless disregard for the truth?
New York Times v. Sullivan
What is commercial speech?
Advertising to sell a product
Which court case indicated that burning the American flag is a form of protected speech?
Texas v. Johnson
Which right allows people to come together to make a statement?
Assembly
Which court case protected the right to peacefully assemble?
NAACP v. Alabama
What do police officers need to make an arrest?
Probable cause
Which amendment protects against unreasonable search and seizure?
Fourth
Which court case incorporated the fourth amendment to the states?
Mapp v. Ohio
Not being required to testify against yourself is known as what?
Right against self-incrimination; Fifth amendment
Which court case says you must be read your rights if you're being questioned by the police?
Miranda v. Arizona
The sixth amendment guarantees you a right to what kind of a trial?
Fair, speedy public trial
Which court case guarantees you a lawyer when you're being tried in a criminal case?
Gideon v. Wainwright
When you admit guilt in exchange for a lesser sentence, this is known as?
Plea bargaining
Which 1976 court case upheld the legality of the death penalty?
Gregg v. Georgia
Which amendment provides equal protection of the law and which group was it designed to protect?
14th amendment, African Americans
What are the reconstruction amendments?
13, 14, 15
Which 1857 court case denied African Americans legal rights?
Dred Scott v. Sandford
Which 1896 court case legalized racial discrimination?
Plessy v. Ferguson
Which court case overturned the 1896 precedent?
Brown v. Board of Education
Discrimination based on law is known as what?
De jure
Which court case legalized bussing to desegregate schools?
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg
Discrimination not based on law, but is actually happening on its own is known as?
De facto
A policy to give special attention to members of previously disadvantaged groups is known as?
Affirmative action
Which 1978 court case began to end affirmative action in education?
Regents of the UC v. Bakke
The right to vote is known as?
Suffrage
Which amendment gave women the right to vote and when?
19th amendment, 1920
Which amendment gave African American men the right to vote?
15th amendment
Which amendment gave 18 year olds the right to vote?
26th amendment
Name two ways in which African Americans are kept from voting:
White primary, poll taxes, literacy test, grandfather clause
The Voting Rights Act of 1965 allowed which government to protect the rights of minority suffrage?
Federal
What is the ERA?
Equal Rights Amendment
When did Native Americans get citizenship?
1924
What was the AIM movement?
American Indian Movement
Name two of the major court cases dealing with gender discrimination:
Reed v. Reed, Craig v. Boren
Which federal policy called for equal participation for women in high school sports?
Title IX
Which court case dealt with discrimination during WWII against Japanese Americans?
Korematsu v. United States
What does ADA stand for?
Americans with Disabilities Act
Two of the last groups to struggle for civil rights:
Muslims and elderly
Which court case overturned Texas laws criminalizing homosexual relations?
Lawrence v. Texas
Which court case extends protection against discrimination to Hispanics?
Hernandez v. Texas
Which court case dealt with the free exercise of religion versus the state?
Wisconsin v. Yoder
What's happened to the size and scope of the federal government as a result of civil rights expansion?
It got larger
What is slander?
Spoken libel
Which court case declared gay marriage constitutional?
Obergefell v. Hodges
Which court case determined fed programs that determine ppl by race is unconstitutional?
Adarand Construction v. Pena
