Aldo Leopoldo Reading the Landscape

Multi-nodal

Trees can have many "flushes/yr" (leaf outs)

Uni-nodal

1 flush of needles/yr

Examples of Multi-nodal species

LB, LL, SL

Examples of Uni-nodal species

Jack, Red, E. White Pines

How to you age a pine, especially E. White?

Count the whorls

What are the three sisters?

Corn, beans, squash

Common Name: Hearts-a-burstin, Scientific Name: _______________

Euonymus americanus

What is Hearts-a-burstin a good indicator of, and why

Low deer population, its deer candy

What does Hearts-a-burstin look like when its been chewed up

A green square-ish twig

Commonly found in N. States, you might come across linear rock piles. What does this indicate was on the landscape and why?

Old ag site, picking up rocks so the equipment doesn't hit them and then dumping them.

GEE-WHIZ factors guy

David Young

Va. Pine in thin strips from an aerial photo indicates

Old ag site (like lob, old field pine, wind dispersed)

Describe a signal or thong tree (Indian tree)

Tree shapened by Native Americans to guide themselves to their trail (commonly white oaks)

Aldo Leopold was a ____________ professor that started out his career as a _____________

Wildlife, forester

When cruising in the woods and you run up on a massive E. Redcedar, it's probably best to watch out where you step. Why?

These trees (especially if there is more than one) used to mark old home sites were shallow wells could have been present (15-20' deep)

Why were E. Redcedars placed at the ends of old home steads

So the witches could count all the leaves

When us peak foliage

~July 4th (summer)

What is a Ghost Forest

An entire forest that is dead (typically Atlantic Wh. Cedar)

T/F Trees that are in the midstory/understory are always younger than the dominant crown structure

False (could be waiting for release)

Gypsy Moth's main foliage target is _______________

Oaks

Gypsy Moth's new name

Spongy Moth

T/F E. White Pine is more shade tolerant than SYP

True

Dog Hair Stand

A stand with several thousands of new seedlings/saplings/regen

What is one of the only species that can handle salt intrusion

Mangroves

What is the main reason that Ghost Forests appear along the coast

Salt water intrusion

Lodgepole pines are commonly burned but if a stand replacing fire rolls through, what is its main defense in order to ensure its survival

Serotinus cones

Name some examples of pines that have serotinus cones

Jack, pond, lodgepole, sand pine

_______________ : persist many many years, indicate old home sites, nothing (deer) really likes it

Daphadills

If a boulder or rock is left above ground where it's not supposed to be, this indicates.....

This area was once covered in glaciers

T/F You can get better crop production in oak hammocks

True

Pleated woodpeckers disappear from a forest when this species get removed

Hardwoods

If deer start turning to young pines for food, what is that an indication of

Poor diet, they're starving

How are cherry trees dispersed

By birds

Alder, Aspen, SYP, Elm, Acer are all __________ dispersed species. Making them some of the first to ________________ a site

Wing, colonize

T/F in the summer, conifers are at peak foliage

True (so is everything else)

Huge acres of trees that looked to be dead in the N. GA mtns when conifers are alive might indicate

Pest invasion (Spongy Moth)

Blackened trees, dog hair regen indicate

A stand replacing fire

(Oak, ash, elm, E. White pine- midstory)A forest structure where you can clearly see the different levels of structure might indicate.......

Suppressed trees, waiting for an opportunity to grow (some sort of site that was disturbed)

Wind dispersed species inhabiting a site, grasses, young regen, might indicate......

Old ag/field site

T/F White Oak can live up to 400 years

True

Thong trees got there name because

They were tied down with a thing to create the shape that they are in

Where does Hearts-a-burstin typically inhabit

Wetter sites/moist areas

What happens in order for a serotinus cones to open up, and what will happen when the seed hits the forest floor

Fire has to be present and it has to be hot enough to melt/ soften the resin binding the umbos together, the seeds will hit the forest floor with the duff removed and there is exposed mineral soil.

Serotinus cones cause __________ __________ stands (regen)

Dog hair

What happens if a stand replacing fire gets too hot and cooks the cones/embryos?

The stand turns into a shrub/brush field

T/F Serotinus cones is an adaptation brought about by regular fire intervals

False (stand replacing)

T/F Ponderosa pine is fire adaptive but not to the point of a stand replacing fire

True (like our slash pines)

Pond Pine has _________ bark and there only adaptation is their __________ _________

Thin, serotinus cones

Full Leaf out = ___________, full leaf drop = ____________

Summer, winter