Cell Struture

ANTIBIOTIC

1. stops and slows the growth of bacteria

Cell theory

1. all living organisms are made up of cells, and cells are formed by the division of existing cells

PROKARYOTIC CELLS

1. small, lack internal membrane-bound organelles

EUKARYOTIC CELLs

1. large, contain membrane-bound organelles and a central nucleus 

ORGANELLES

1. membrane-bound compartments of eukaryotic cells that carry specific functions 

CELL MEMBRANE

1. phospholipid bilayer, boundary of all cells embedded with proteins

CYTOPLASM

1. gelatinous aqueous interior of all cells

RIBOSOME

1. complex of RNA and proteins, carries out protein synthesis in all cells 

NUCLEUS

1. in the eukaryotic cells, has genetic material

CELL WAL

 rigid structure in cells that encloses the cell membrane and helps cells maintain its integrity

OSMOSIS

1. diffusion of water across a membrane from a lower solute concentration ro a higher concentration

HYPOTONIC

1.  lower concentration of solutes than the cell’s cytoplasm 

HYPERTONIC

1. higher concentration of solutes than the cell’s cytoplasm 

ISOTONIC

1. same concentration as the cell’s cytoplasm 

SIMPLE DIFFUSION

1.  small uncharged solutes across the cell membrane, lower to higher concentration, no aid transport protein

TRANSPORT PROTEINS

molecules and ions across the cell membrane

FACILITATED DIFFUSION

1. large hydrophilic, charged solutes across the cell membrane, higher to lower concentration with aid of a transport protein and no energy input

ACTIVE TRANSPORT

1.  lower to higher concentration, aid transport protein and energy input

NUCLEAR ENVELOPE

1.  double membrane surrounds the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell

MITOCHONDRIA

1. membrane-bound organelles, important for energy conversion reactions 

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

1. network of membranes in eukaryotic cells, proteins and lipids are synthesized

GOLGI APPARATUS

1. stacked membrane-enclosed discs, packs proteins for transport

LYSOSOME

filled with enzymes, degrades worn-out cellular structures

CYTOSKELETON

1. protein fibers, provides structure and facilitates cell movement

CHLOROPLAST

1. in plants and algae, photosynthesis

ENDOSYMBIOSIS

a theory that free-living prokaryotic cells engulfed other prokaryotic cells, forming eukaryotic cells.