VHS Exam 3 Review

A hole in a bone is called a/an:

Foramen

A depressed or sunken area on the surface of a bone is called a/an?

Fossa.

As a young animal grows so must its bones grow. Where does creation of new bone that allows long bones to lengthen as the animal grows take place?

Epiphyseal plates.

Besides alignment and immobilization of a fracture, what else is needed for optimal healing to occur?

Time

Bones act as a storage site for primarily which mineral?

Calcium

Cancellous bone is sometimes called?

Spongy bone

Endochondral bone formation takes place in a fetus over a ___ template that is eventually replaced by bone

Cartilage

Red bone marrow consists primarily of which tissue type

Blood-forming tissue

The outside layer of all bones is made up of which bone type?

Compact bone

Which one of the following bones is classified as an irregular bone?

Patella

Costal cartilage is found at what end of a rib?

At the ventral end of a rib

From cranial to caudal what is the correct sequence of letter designations for the five regions of the spinal column?

C, T, L, S, CY

The cribriform plate is contained in the __ bone.

Ethmoid

The foramen magnum is located in the __ bone.

Occipital

Which bones are hidden inside the skull?

Malleus, incus, and stapes (inner ear bones).

Which face bone forms the rostral part of the hard plate?

Maxillary

Which face bone forms the lower jaw?

Mandible

How many dewclaws does a cow have on its thoracic limb?

2

Splint bones, of the thoracic limb, in horses are?

Vestigial metacarpal bones

The navicular bone is another name for the __ bone in horses

Digital sesamoid

The main weight bearing bone of the antebrachium is:

Radius

Which bone forms the brachium?

Humerus

Which bone in the appendicular skeleton has an olecranon process?

Ulna

Which part of the ulna does the tendon for triceps brachii attach to extend the antebrachium?

Olecranon process

The fetlock joint, of the thoracic limb, in horses is located between the … and … bones.

Metacarpal and proximal phalanx

Where would you find immovable fibrous joints called sutures?

The skull

The carpus consists of how many rows of carpal bones?

2

The bone that makes up the caudal portion of the pelvic floor is?

The ischium

The bone that makes up the cranial portion of the pelvic floor is?

The pubis

The cranial most portion of the pelvic is the:

Ilium

What lies in the trochlea of the distal femur?

The patella

The fabella, two small sesamoids on the caudal aspect of the distal femur, are found in all animals except:

Bovines

The patellar ligament attaches to what?

The tibial crest

The tibial tarsal bone of the tarsus articulates with which bone to make the movable part of the hock joint?

Tibia

The os cordis is found in the heart of which animal?

Sheep, cattle

The cranial caudal cruciate ligaments are named based on their attachment to which bone?

The patella

A decrease in angle between two bones is considered what type of movement?

Flexion

which site of attachment is the most stable in a muscle?

Origin

In the neuromuscular junction, the synaptic vesicles contain:

Acetylcholine

Which of the following movements requires energy to complete?

Muscle contraction AND relaxation

What does catabolism mean?

The breakdown of nutrient molecules

The connective tissue connection between two muscles is called:

Aponeuroses

In muscle attachments, the attachment site that is more stable (doesn’t move a bone when muscle contracts) is known as:

Origin of muscle

In muscle attachments, the attachment site that undergoes movement (moves a bone when the muscle contacts) is known as:

Insertion of muscle

The basic contractile unit of a skeletal muscle is the

Sarcomere

Which of the following is NOT a component of the sarcomere?

Myoglobin, z line, myosin, actin

What ion must be present in the sarcoplasm for skeletal muscle cells to contract:

Ca+

In a sarcomere the I-band consists of:

Actin filaments only