History 100 quiz 1 study guide

Paleolithic

Old Stone Age 200,000-10,000 BC

Neolithic

New Stone Age 10,000-4,000

Neolithic Revolution

10,000-4,000 BC 

Domestication of animals 

Fertile Crescent has optimal soil, weather, temp, wild animals→ EU had an easier time

• Changes in daily life 

Food surplus→Sedentary life

• Specialization of craft 

Not everyone has to be a farmer 

• Patriarchy begins 

Need more people → women are home more having babies

Need more resources → men are out more 

hunter-gatherers

People who hunt animals and gather wild plants, seeds, fruits, and nuts to survive

Polytheism

Belief in many gods

Mesopotamia

A region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers that developed the first urban societies. 4,000-1,000

Early Near East

early civilizations in the middle east

Assyrians

decedents of the sumer-akkaidians

Persian Empire

Mesopotamian empire that conquered the existing Median, Lydian, and Babylonian empires, as well as Egypt and many others. Also known as the Achaemenid Empire.

Hebrews

A smaller early civilization whose development of a monotheistic faith that provided the foundation of modern Judaism, Christianity, and Islam assured them a significant place in world history

Egypt

This early empire has its home along Africa's longest river, with a detailed form of writing.

Hatshepsut

First female pharaoh who expanded Egypt through trade

Rossetta Stone

a huge stone slab inscribed with hieroglyphics, Greek, and a later form of Egyptian that allowed historians to understand Egyptian writing.

Cuneiform

A form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge shaped stylus and clay tablets.

Heiroglyphics

ancient Egyptian writing system using picture symbols for ideas or sounds

Hammurabi

Babylonian king who codified the laws of Sumer and Mesopotamia (died 1750 BC)

Pharaoh

A ruler of ancient Egypt

Monotheism

Belief in one God

Minoan

Prosperous civilization on the Aegean island of Crete in the second millennium B.C.E. Exerted powerful cultural influences on the early Greeks.

Mycenaeans

a group of people who settled on the Greek mainland around 2000 B.C.; leading city called Mycenae which could withstand any attack; nobles lived in splendor; these people invaded many surrounding kingdoms

Homer

A Greek poet, author of the Iliad and the Odyssey

Hesoid

Greek author who wrote a book called Theogony; it created the story of mythology

Sappho

Greek poet, she was one of the most famous lyric poets of Greece.

oral composition

composition of poetry without aid of writing for oral delivery; the work is in effect recomposed each time it is performed; Homer's poems are thought to be this type of composition

linear b

syllabic script that was used for writing Mycenaean Greek, the earliest attested form of Greek. The script predates the Greek alphabet by several centuries.

Sea Peoples

Unknown group of strong warriors who crushed the Hittites and destroyed cities in southwest Asia, who fought the Egyptians for 50 years.

Iliad

a Greek epic poem (attributed to Homer) describing the siege of Troy

Odyssey

a long, adventurous journey