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Paleolithic
Old Stone Age 200,000-10,000 BC
Neolithic
New Stone Age 10,000-4,000
Neolithic Revolution
10,000-4,000 BC
Domestication of animals
Fertile Crescent has optimal soil, weather, temp, wild animals→ EU had an easier time
Changes in daily life
Food surplus→Sedentary life
Specialization of craft
Not everyone has to be a farmer
Patriarchy begins
Need more people → women are home more having babies
Need more resources → men are out more
hunter-gatherers
People who hunt animals and gather wild plants, seeds, fruits, and nuts to survive
Polytheism
Belief in many gods
Mesopotamia
A region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers that developed the first urban societies. 4,000-1,000
Early Near East
early civilizations in the middle east
Assyrians
decedents of the sumer-akkaidians
Persian Empire
Mesopotamian empire that conquered the existing Median, Lydian, and Babylonian empires, as well as Egypt and many others. Also known as the Achaemenid Empire.
Hebrews
A smaller early civilization whose development of a monotheistic faith that provided the foundation of modern Judaism, Christianity, and Islam assured them a significant place in world history
Egypt
This early empire has its home along Africa's longest river, with a detailed form of writing.
Hatshepsut
First female pharaoh who expanded Egypt through trade
Rossetta Stone
a huge stone slab inscribed with hieroglyphics, Greek, and a later form of Egyptian that allowed historians to understand Egyptian writing.
Cuneiform
A form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge shaped stylus and clay tablets.
Heiroglyphics
ancient Egyptian writing system using picture symbols for ideas or sounds
Hammurabi
Babylonian king who codified the laws of Sumer and Mesopotamia (died 1750 BC)
Pharaoh
A ruler of ancient Egypt
Monotheism
Belief in one God
Minoan
Prosperous civilization on the Aegean island of Crete in the second millennium B.C.E. Exerted powerful cultural influences on the early Greeks.
Mycenaeans
a group of people who settled on the Greek mainland around 2000 B.C.; leading city called Mycenae which could withstand any attack; nobles lived in splendor; these people invaded many surrounding kingdoms
Homer
A Greek poet, author of the Iliad and the Odyssey
Hesoid
Greek author who wrote a book called Theogony; it created the story of mythology
Sappho
Greek poet, she was one of the most famous lyric poets of Greece.
oral composition
composition of poetry without aid of writing for oral delivery; the work is in effect recomposed each time it is performed; Homer's poems are thought to be this type of composition
linear b
syllabic script that was used for writing Mycenaean Greek, the earliest attested form of Greek. The script predates the Greek alphabet by several centuries.
Sea Peoples
Unknown group of strong warriors who crushed the Hittites and destroyed cities in southwest Asia, who fought the Egyptians for 50 years.
Iliad
a Greek epic poem (attributed to Homer) describing the siege of Troy
Odyssey
a long, adventurous journey
