Neuro: Embryology & Developmental

0.0(0)
studied byStudied by 1 person
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Get a hint
Hint

Aganglionic (nerves are missing) Mega-colon

Get a hint
Hint

What deformity represents a failure of the neural crest cells migrate into the lowest portion of the hind-gut.

Get a hint
Hint

Muscle type

Get a hint
Hint

is dependent on innervation

Card Sorting

1/74

Anonymous user
Anonymous user
flashcard set

Earn XP

Description and Tags

Biology

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

75 Terms

1
New cards

Aganglionic (nerves are missing) Mega-colon

What deformity represents a failure of the neural crest cells migrate into the lowest portion of the hind-gut.

2
New cards

Muscle type

is dependent on innervation

3
New cards

Dermatome (lateral):

What section of the mesoderm becomes specific connective tissue and consistent test for level of spinal damage?

4
New cards

rostral/superior end

Occurs when the _ /_ of the neural tube fails to close b /w 23rd- 26th day.

5
New cards

Sclerotome (mediolateral):

What section of the mesoderm becomes specific assigned regions of the skeleton (vertebrae)?

6
New cards

Myeloschisi (aka Spina a bifida Occult-a)

What form of spina bifida do we see abnormal amount of hair growth over the affected region, possibly due to the over stimulation of the region.

7
New cards

Spinal Muscular Atrophy

What is the autosomal recessive disorder where motor neurons w /cell bodies in the spinal cord that innervate muscles degenerate in Utero?

8
New cards

Convergence

occurs as the neural plate boarders are drawn together, It folds /fuses dorsally creating the neural tube.

9
New cards

Myelination

begins in the 4th fetal month and is completed around the 3rd year of life.

10
New cards

Differentiation

occurs in the LATERAL walls of the neural tube (farthest exterior Marginal Zone= white matter as you move medially Ventricular /Intermediate Zone= Gray Matter)

11
New cards

This will cause the caudal spinal cord to lie at a higher level.

Vertebral column and dura mater grows faster than the spinal cord → _

12
New cards

longitudinal groove

The 2 plates are separated by a(n) , separating the 2 populations of cells by the sulcus limitans.

13
New cards

flat neural plate

The (sheet of cells) rolls from the top down and bottom up (in a bean shape)

14
New cards

Myelomeningocele

What form of spina bifida do we see deformation of the spinal tube w /the involvement of neural tissue→ deficits /deformities in the lower extremities?

15
New cards

spinal cord

Tethered is when the _ attaches to a deformity of the vertebral column and does not shift.

16
New cards

Meningocele

What form of spina bifida is there malformation of the spinal tube itself w /out any of the neural tissue?

17
New cards

Myotome(medial)

What section of the mesoderm becomes specific muscle group, sensation specific for each spinal level?

18
New cards

Anencephaly

What is the name of a closure defect, incomplete development of the Childs cranial vault.

19
New cards

Arnold Chiari Malformation

What is the name of the developmental deformity of the hindbrain, affecting the brainstem and associated cranial nerves.

20
New cards

NC stem cells

care pluripotent meaning that they can become any structure or contribute to any region of development…cells are not yet "labeled.

21
New cards

Pre-embryonic stage

What stage of development is from conception to 14 days?

22
New cards

Embryonic

What stage of development is from 15 days to the end of 8th week?

23
New cards

Fetal

What stage of development is from 8th week to birth?
24
New cards

Neural Tube Formation

Phase 1: Day 18 to 26 (_Formation)

25
New cards

Brain Formation

Phase 2: Day 28 onward (Brain Formation)

26
New cards

Neural Tube Development

Neurulation is the process of

27
New cards

Myotome (medial)

What section of the mesoderm becomes specific muscle group, sensation specific for each spinal level?

28
New cards

Dermatome (lateral)

What section of the mesoderm becomes specific connective tissue and consistent test for level of spinal damage?

29
New cards

Sclerotome ( mediolateral)

What section of the mesoderm becomes specific assigned regions of the skeleton (vertebrae)?

30
New cards

Day 18-26

Neural Tube Formation occurs from Day __ to ___

31
New cards

Mantle Layer

Gray matter is found in which layer surrounding the neural tube?

32
New cards

Marginal Layer

White matter is found in which layer surrounding the neural tube?

33
New cards

Rostral neuropore (superior neurospore)

_ neuropore closes at day 25

34
New cards

Caudal neuropore

neuropore closes around day 27

35
New cards

Anteromedial portion

Sclerotome, becomes vertebrae & skull, is what portion of the mesoderm/somite

36
New cards

Posteromedial portion

Myotome, becomes muscles, is what portion of the mesoderm/somite

37
New cards

Lateral Portion

Dermatome, becomes the dermis, is what portion of the mesoderm/somite

38
New cards

PNS

What nervous system is the myelin sheath composed of Schwann Cells?

39
New cards

Aganglionic Mega-colon

What is the deformity represents a failure of the neural crest cells migrate into the lowest portion of the hindgut?

40
New cards

Anencephaly

What is the result of a closure defect of the neural tube, incomplete development of the Childs cranial vault?

41
New cards

Meningoencephalocele

What is the result of a closure defect of the neural tube where there is brain tissue involvement, cranium bifidum (brain tissue malformation)

42
New cards

Meningocele

What is the result of a closure defect of the neural tube where No brain tissue is involved, cranium bifidum (brain tissue malformation)

43
New cards

Arnold Chiari Malformation

What is the name of the developmental deformity of the hindbrain, affecting the brainstem and associated cranial nerves

44
New cards

Type 1

Which type of Arnold Chiari Malformation is often asymptomatic?

45
New cards

Type 2

Which type of Arnold Chiari Malformation causes progressive hydrocephalus (build up of fluid in ventricles), paralysis of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, deafness, bilateral weakness of lateral eye movement?

46
New cards

Meningocele

What is the result of a closure defect of the neural tube malformation of the spinal tube itself w/out any of the neural tissue?

47
New cards

Myelomeningocele

What is the result of a closure defect of the neural tube deformation of the spinal tube w/the involvement of neural tissue→ deficits/deformities in the lower extremities?

48
New cards

Myeloschisi (aka Occult-a)

What is the result of a closure defect of the neural tube this is where we see abnormal amount of hair growth over the affected region, possibly due to the over stimulation of the region?

49
New cards

Folic Acid

What is essential for mothers as part of Pre-natal care?

50
New cards

Autosomal recessive disorder

What type of disorder is Spinal Muscular Atrophy?

51
New cards

Exposure to alcohol/cocaine during development

Symptoms of difficulty with attention and impulse control in a child is due to exposure to

52
New cards

Spinal Cord Formation

__ formation relies on timing, closing to early or late affects the connection between the brain and communication to the rest of the body

53
New cards

Roof plate & Floor Plate

The lateral walls of the neural tube create which 2 plates?

54
New cards

Crossing of motor and sensory neurons

At the roof and floor plate is where we see what occurring?

55
New cards

Alar Plate

_ ( roof/dorsal) is known as the association/sensory plate …forms interneurons and projection neurons (gray mater is derived from this plate = dorsal horn)

56
New cards

Basal Plate

_ (floor/ventral) is known as the motor plate, cell bodies grow from this plate to innervate the myotome region

57
New cards

Dorsally

Sensory formation is always found (D/V)?

58
New cards

Ventrally

Motor formation is always found (D/V)?

59
New cards

no proper cross connections formed

If you notice malformations or deficits in the child as they grow you can attribute this to…

60
New cards

reflected in limb formation

If the floor plate does not form properly, what will you see?

61
New cards

Due to the rate of myelination

Why do we see children learning things at different times in comparison to their peers?

62
New cards

Nervous Tissue

_ forms prior to myelination beginning

63
New cards

Ventral Horn of spinal cord

The motor plate -->

64
New cards

Dorsal Horn of spinal cord

The association/sensory plate -->

65
New cards

Pluripotent

Neural Crest cells are _, meaning that they can become

66
New cards

Sympathetic ganglia, start in the head/face and migrate down to heart and lungs

Where do you find sympathetic ganglia?

67
New cards

Walls of the organs, supplies the viscera of head, neck, thorax and abdomen, Splanchnic mesoderm, CN's 3,5,7,9,10

Where do you find parasympathetic ganglia?

68
New cards

1) Forebrain
2) Midbrain
3) Hindbrain

What the 3 portions of brain formation?

69
New cards

Medulla, Pons, Cerebellum, 4th ventricle (brainstem)

The Hindbrain --> (into 2 sections) Upper=Metencephaon & Lower=Myelencephalon -> ???

70
New cards

Stays the Midbrain and cerebral aqueduct

The Midbrain --> ???

71
New cards

Thalamus, hypothalamus, 3rd ventricle, cerebral hemispheres (including basal ganglia, cerebral cortex and lateral ventricles)

The Forebrain --> Diencephalon & Telencephalon--> ???

72
New cards

Synapse elimination

What is the process called that as a fetus grows synapses are "shed" to create mature relationships and this process continues even after birth?

73
New cards

The sclerotome must split.

As the fetus develops, what has to happen in order for muscles/limbs to be innervated?

74
New cards

Exposure to Alcohol

Features such as an abnormally small head, absent cupids bow (indistinct philtrum), thin upper lip & short vertical space b/w open eyelids are signs of what?

75
New cards

Perinatal/Fetus brains have the ability to reconfigure and continue to still develop. Adults brains are static and have lost all plasticity.

When it comes to recovery following brain damage what is the big difference between perinatal and adults?