Terrestrial Biomes

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9 Terms

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Temperate Seasonal Forest/Deciduous Forest

  • Major Locations: Europe, Eastern China, Eastern North America, Great Lakes 

  • Rainfall: High precipitation throughout year

  • Climate: Warm summers, cold winters with freezes

  • Features: Leaves fall off trees which decompose and make fertile soils

<ul><li><p><span><strong>Major Locations: </strong>Europe, Eastern China, Eastern North America, Great Lakes&nbsp;</span></p></li><li><p><span><strong>Rainfall: </strong>High precipitation throughout year</span></p></li><li><p><span><strong>Climate: </strong>Warm summers, cold winters with freezes</span></p></li><li><p><span><strong>Features: </strong>Leaves fall off trees which decompose and make fertile soils</span></p></li></ul><p></p>
2
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Temperate Grasslands

  • Major Locations: North American Plains (Prairie), Russia (Steppe)

  • Rainfall: Limited. Supports more grasses than trees

  • Climate: Extremes. Very cold in winter and hot in summer

  • Features: Very little of biome remains as most has turned into agriculture due to excellent topsoil. Topsoil formed from thousands of years of herbivore waste (buffalo) and grass decomposition.

<ul><li><p><span><strong>Major Locations</strong>: North American Plains (Prairie), Russia (Steppe)</span></p></li><li><p><span><strong>Rainfall: </strong>Limited. Supports more grasses than trees</span></p></li><li><p><span><strong>Climate: </strong>Extremes. Very cold in winter and hot in summer</span></p></li><li><p><span><strong>Features: </strong>Very little of biome remains as most has turned into agriculture due to excellent topsoil. Topsoil formed from thousands of years of herbivore waste (buffalo) and grass decomposition.</span></p></li></ul><p></p>
3
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Temperate Rainforest

  • Major Locations: Pacific Northwest of US, S Alaska, Japan

  • Rainfall: Abundant

  • Climate: Mild temperatures year-round

  • Features: Parts are old-growth and important for biodiversity. Commercially important for logging.

<ul><li><p><strong>Major Locations: </strong>Pacific Northwest of US, S Alaska, Japan</p></li><li><p><strong>Rainfall: </strong>Abundant</p></li><li><p><strong>Climate: </strong>Mild temperatures year-roun<strong>d</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>Features: </strong>Parts are old-growth and important for biodiversity. Commercially important for logging. </p></li></ul><p></p>
4
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Tropical Rainforest

  • Major Locations: Equatorial on most continents

  • Rainfall: Abundant year-round

  • Climate: Hot year-round

  • Features: Highest biodiversity on land. Lush, dark, and damp. Poor soil

<ul><li><p><span><strong>Major Locations: </strong>Equatorial on most continents</span></p></li><li><p><span><strong>Rainfall</strong>: Abundant year-round</span></p></li><li><p><span><strong>Climate: </strong>Hot year-round</span></p></li><li><p><span><strong>Features: </strong>Highest biodiversity on land. Lush, dark, and damp. Poor soil</span></p></li></ul><p></p>
5
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Savanna

  • Major Location: Mainly Africa

  • Rainfall: Low overall,  but has rainy season

  • Climate: Warm year-round

  • Features: Grasses dominate due to limited rainfall. Has large acacia trees 

<ul><li><p><span><strong>Major Location: </strong>Mainly Africa</span></p></li><li><p><span><strong>Rainfall: </strong>Low overall,&nbsp; but has rainy season</span></p></li><li><p><span><strong>Climate: </strong>Warm year-round</span></p></li><li><p><span><strong>Features: </strong>Grasses dominate due to limited rainfall. Has large acacia trees&nbsp;</span></p></li></ul><p></p>
6
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Desert

  • Major Locations: Many places globally around 30N and 30S latitude

  • Rainfall: Very low

  • Climate: Extremes between winter and summer. Very hot and very cold

  • Features: Organisms are specialized to survive. Some deserts are barren with sand dunes while others have drought-resistant shrubs.

<ul><li><p><span><strong>Major Locations: </strong>Many places globally around 30N and 30S latitude</span></p></li><li><p><span><strong>Rainfall: </strong>Very low</span></p></li><li><p><span><strong>Climate: </strong>Extremes between winter and summer. Very hot and very cold</span></p></li><li><p><span><strong>Features: </strong>Organisms are specialized to survive<strong>. </strong>Some deserts are barren with sand dunes while others have drought-resistant shrubs.</span></p></li></ul><p></p>
7
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Tundra

  • Major Location: High latitudes surrounding the poles: Arctic and Antarctic

  • Rainfall: Very low

  • Climate: Very cold—snow and ice in winter. Summer looks barren, but its vegetation is
    important

  • Features: Little daylight in winter. Lots of daylight in summer which leads to abundance productivity. Important for migratory animals in summer. Has permafrost soil that is melting with climate change

<ul><li><p><span><strong>Major Location: </strong>High latitudes surrounding the poles: Arctic and Antarctic</span></p></li><li><p><span><strong>Rainfall: </strong>Very low</span></p></li><li><p><span><strong>Climate: </strong>Very cold—snow and ice in winter. Summer looks barren, but its vegetation is <br>important </span></p></li><li><p><span><strong>Features: </strong>Little daylight in winter. Lots of daylight in summer which leads to  abundance productivity. Important for migratory animals in summer. Has permafrost soil that is melting with climate change</span></p></li></ul><p></p>
8
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Taiga/Boreal Forest

  • Major Location: Canada, Russia, Alaska,
    Scandinavia and very high altitudes in mountains
    of other biomes.

  • Rainfall: Moderate

  • Climate: Very cold winters and mild summers

  • Features: Conifer and Evergreen trees (like Christmas trees). Animals hibernate and then feed abundantly during summers 

<ul><li><p><span><strong>Major Location: Canada, Russia, Alaska, <br>Scandinavia and very high altitudes in mountains <br>of other biomes.</strong></span></p></li><li><p><span><strong>Rainfall: </strong>Moderate</span></p></li><li><p><span><strong>Climate: Very cold winters and mild summers</strong></span></p></li><li><p><span><strong>Features: </strong>Conifer and Evergreen trees (like Christmas trees). Animals hibernate and then feed abundantly during summers&nbsp;</span></p></li></ul><p></p>
9
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Shrubland/Chaparral

  • Major Locations: Southern California, Mediterranean, Chile, Australia

  • Rainfall: Low, but more than desert. Only biome with almost no rain in summer.

  • Climate: Hot summers, mild winters

  • Features: Has evergreen shrubs. Adapted to and dependent on fire. 

<ul><li><p><span><strong>Major Locations: </strong>Southern California, Mediterranean, Chile, Australia</span></p></li><li><p><span><strong>Rainfall: </strong>Low, but more than desert. Only biome with almost no rain in summer.</span></p></li><li><p><span><strong>Climate: </strong>Hot summers, mild winters</span></p></li><li><p><span><strong>Features: </strong>Has evergreen shrubs. Adapted to and dependent on fire.&nbsp;</span></p></li></ul><p></p>