Eisman Vocab 3 Review

Calvinism

A Protestant theology developed by John Calvin emphasizing predestination and the sovereignty of God in salvation

Predestination

The belief that God has already determined who will be saved and who will be damned

Conversion

A personal religious experience where a person feels they have received God's grace and are among the "elect"

Puritans

English Protestants who sought to purify the Church of England of its Catholic practices

Separatists

A group of Puritans who believed the Church of England was beyond reform and sought to separate from it

Mayflower Compact

A 1620 agreement signed by Pilgrims aboard the Mayflower establishing self-government in the Plymouth Colony

Massachusetts Bay Colony

A colony founded by Puritans in 1630 as a theocratic society governed by religious principles

Great English Migration

The mass migration of Puritans to New England in the 1630s seeking religious freedom

Fundamental Orders 1639

The first written constitution in America, establishing a framework for government in Connecticut

Pequot War

A 1636-1638 conflict between New England colonists and the Pequot tribe, resulting in the near destruction of the Pequot people

King Philip’s War

A 1675-1676 conflict between New England colonists and Native American tribes led by Metacom (King Philip), marking the last major effort by the natives to resist colonization

Navigation Laws (Acts)

English laws aimed at tightening control over colonial trade and ensuring that profits benefitted England. Was later basically allowed for colonies to break this act so they wouldn’t be angered

Salutary Neglect

A period where the British government allowed its American colonies significant autonomy, leading to the growth of self-government

Quakers

A religious group known for their pacifism, egalitarianism, and rejection of formal clergy

Blue Laws

Laws that restricted certain activities, often religious or moral in nature, on Sundays

Martin Luther

A German monk who initiated the Protestant Reformation by criticizing Catholic practices in 1517

John Calvin

A French theologian whose ideas formed the basis of Calvinism, emphasizing predestination and God's will

William Bradford

Leader of the Pilgrims and governor of Plymouth Colony who helped establish the Mayflower Compact

John Winthrop

The first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, envisioned the colony as a "city upon a hill". Didn’t like dissenters.

Religious dissent

Disagreement with established religious beliefs, often leading to the formation of new sects or colonies

Anne Hutchinson

A religious dissenter in the Massachusetts Bay Colony who challenged Puritan orthodoxy and was banished

Roger Williams

Founder of Rhode Island, advocating for religious freedom and separation of church and state

Massasoit

The Wampanoag chief who formed a peaceful alliance with the Pilgrims at Plymouth

Dissenters

Individuals who disagreed with the religious or governmental norms, often founding new colonies or religious movements (e.g., Anne Hutchinson, Roger Williams)