The Philippine-American War and the Establishment of American Rule

February 15, 1898

Spanish-American War

May 01, 1898

Battle of Manila Bay

May 24, 1898

Dictatorial Government

June 12, 1898

Declaration of Independence

June 23, 1898

Revolutionary Government

July 07, 1898

Annexation of Hawaii

August 13, 1898

Mock Battle of Manila

Emissaries

November 1898

Emissaries (per country)

* US:
* Japan:
* England:
* France:
* Australia:

* US: Felipe Agoncillo
* Japan: Mariano Ponce & Faustino Lichauco
* England: Antonio Regidor
* France: Juan Luna & Pedro Roxas
* Australia: Edilberto Zarcal

December 10, 1898

signing of Treaty of Paris

January 21, 1899

Aguinaldo promulgated The Constitution

January 23, 1899

The Philippine Republic was inaugurated in Malolos

February 04, 1899

Philippine-American War erupted; First Shot occurred

February 06, 1899

ratification of Treaty of Paris

First Important Document produced by the (Malolos) Congress

Malolos Constitution

a. Executive > Legislative and Judicial

b. Legislative > Executive and Judicial

c. Judicial > Executive and Legislative

b. Legislative > Executive and Judicial

Objective of United States

expand their dominions

Objective of Philippines

fight for independence

Main Provisions of the Malolos Constitution

* Separation of Church and State
* Establishment of Literary University of the Philippines

The Malolos Constitution created a _________ form of legislative body

unicameral

Reasons for the Philippine-American War

* Protocol of Peace
* Benevolent Assimilation Proclamation
* Military Reinforcement
* Designating a Demarcation Line
* Heightened Tension between Filipino and American Soldiers

Date of the Signing of the Protocol of Peace

August 12, 1898

Who is the military governor in the Philippines during the year 1898?

General Wesley Merritt

What cities did Gen. Wesley Merritt had Filipino forces withdraw? (Hint: BTSQSSCEMP)

* Binondo
* Tondo
* Santa Cruz
* Quirino
* Sampaloc
* San Miguel
* Concepcion
* Ermita
* Malate
* Paco

Aguinaldo requested to _____________ and the convents of _____________. Did Gen. Merritt approved/ denied of this request?

* retain Malacañang
* Ermita, Malate, and Paco
* denied

Certain Conditions American had to agree on (acc. Aguinaldo)

* Protection of Insurgents
* Joint Occupation of Manila
* Restitution to the Rebels of the Position to be Evacuated in the Event that the US recognized Spain’s dominion over the island

When did the first shot of the Philippine-American War occurred?

February 04, 1899

Where did the first shot occurred?

Calle Sociego (Quiet) and Calle Silencio (Silence) in Santa Mesa

Who fired the first shot?

**Private William Walter Grayson** of the First Nebraska Volunteer Infantry

Who were killed in the first shot fired?

**Corporal Anastacio Felix** of the Fourth Company of the Morong Battalion of General Luciano San Miguel **and two other Filipino soldiers**

Major Battles:

* Luzon
* Visayas
* Mindanao

* Luzon: Manila, Pampanga, Batangas, Ilocos
* Visayas: Balangiga
* Mindanao: Bates Treaty, Bud Dajo, Bud Bagsak

Explain what happened in the Balangiga Massacre

Filipinos waited for Americans to get drunk before conducting their surprise attack. They were able to sneak in their weapons as it was hidden inside a coffin they carried, disguise as a corpse. Filipinos attacked a whole company, buut Americans attacked a whole *bayan* (town).

What did the Filipinos get after the Balingiga Massacre?

Balingiga Bells— to signal the start of a surprise attack against American troops during the Philippine-American War

Last Battles

* Macario Sakay - Tondo, Katagalugan
* Miguel Malvar - Batangas; 2nd President of the First Philippine Republic
* Simeon Ola - Bicol
* Vicente Lukban - Samar
* Bud Dajo and Bud Bagsak

When was Aguinaldo captured?

March 24, 1901

When did the Philippine-American War officially ended?

July 04, 1902

What was the very last battle during the Philippine-American War?

Bud Bagsak

Start and End Date of the Philippine-American War

04 February 1899 - 04 July 1902

How many Filipinos had died during the Philippine-American War?

about 220,000 (20,000 soldiers; 200,000 civilians)

How many Americans had died during the Philippine-American War?

abou 4,390 (1,053 killed in action; 3,337 other cause of death)

Casualties in the Philippine-American War

* Water Cure
* Execution of Moros
* Desecration of Holy Places
* Burning of Malolos

Did the Americans apologize after the war?

No, they didn’t as they considered the war as an insurrection (rebellion).

3 Cultures the Americans highlighted

1. Hiya
2. Utang na Loob/ Concept of Debt
3. Pakikisama

Who caught Aguinaldo?

General Ponston

What school did the sons of Aguinaldo and Ponston attended together?

West Point